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Questions and Answers

Branchial arches:

  • Each have their own nerve supply (correct)
  • Are made up of ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm
  • Have derivatives for all 6 arches
  • All share a common blood supply

Derivatives of the ectoderm include:

  • Skeleton
  • Muscles
  • Skin (correct)
  • Enamel (correct)

During embryology the blastocyst:

  • Is a solid ball of cells that forms from cleavage of the zygote
  • Is a fluid filled ball of cells that forms after formation of the morula (correct)
  • Is a solid ball of cells that forms from cleavage of the morula
  • Is a fluid filled ball of cells that forms after fertilisation of the zygote

Neural crest cells give rise to:

<p>Ectomesenchyme and connective tissue in the head (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select the correct answer regarding the development of the tongue:

<p>The tongue is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve and the trigeminal nerve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

This branchial arch does not give rise to any structures:

<p>V (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The branchial arches innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX) are:

<p>III (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The derivatives of these branchial arches are innervated by the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V):

<p>I (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The development of the face begins in:

<p>Week 4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The development of the secondary palate:

<p>Creates the barrier between the oral and nasal cavities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The face begins to form from which processes:

<p>Frontonasal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The muscular derivatives of these branchial arches are the muscles of facial expression:

<p>II (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The philtrum forms:

<p>From fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal processes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The three layers of the embryonic trilaminar disc are:

<p>Ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branchial arches give rise to the mandible:

<p>I (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branchial arches give rise to the palataine tonsils:

<p>None of the above (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cleft palate is a developmental anomalie that results from:

<p>The failure of fusion of the palatine shelves together and the nasal septum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During childhood development, at age 4, environment factors such as too much fluoride, can disrupt amelogenesis process for permanent teeth

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ameloblasts form conical projections called Tomes Processes during which of the following stages of amelogenesis:

<p>Secretory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Differentiation of ameloblasts from pre-ameloblasts takes place in which of the following stages of tooth development?

<p>Bell stage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Enamel, gingiva and the skin are direct derivatives of the ectoderm

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During amelogenesis which cellular layer of the enamel organ collapses to allow for space for the ameloblasts:

<p>Stellate reticulum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During fetal development, amelogenesis for all primary teeth is competed before birth:

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During odontogenesis, the dental sac gives rise to:

<p>The supporting structures of the teeth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cleft palate develops when there is a failure of fusion of which structures?

<p>The palatine shelves together and the nasal septum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Odontogenesis starts with the following cellular layers at its initiation stage:

<p>Ectomesenchyme and oral epithelium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select the correct answer regarding the development of the tongue:

<p>The tongue is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve and the trigeminal nerve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select the single best answer:

<p>The stellate reticulum plays a key role in amelogenesis by providing nutients to the ameloblasts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select the single best answer:

<p>All oral tissues originate from the ectoderm and the ectomesenchyme (neural crest cells) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 2 stages of amelogenesis and dentinogenesis can be described as:

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The origin of the dento-gingival junction is the:

<p>Reduced enamel epithelium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The development of the face begins in:

<p>week 3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The development of the secondary palate:

<p>creates the barrier between the oral and nasal cavities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The lifecycle of the ameloblast is:

<p>limited to the time the tooth erupts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The long junctional epithelium originates from:

<p>Ectoderm → oral epithelium → outer enamel epithelium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The morphology of the tooth crown starts to be determined at which stage of development:

<p>early bell stage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The prevalence of cleft lip and palate in the UK is approximately 1 in 700 live births:

<p>True (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The lifecycle of the odontoblast:

<p>continues throughout the life of the tooth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branchial arches do the facial muscles derive from?

<p>II (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branchial arches do the muscles of mastication derive from?

<p>I (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular layer of the enamel organ shrinks during amelogenesis to allow for space for the ameloblasts?

<p>stellate reticulum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the development of the secondary palate?

<p>It enables fusion between the nasal septum and upper lip. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two cellular layers are present at the dental lamina stage of tooth development?

<p>oral epithelium and ectomesenchyme (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branchial arches does the trigeminal nerve derive from?

<p>I (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of tooth development is the morphology of the tooth crown determined?

<p>bell stage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Branchial arches nerve supply

Each branchial arch has its own nerve supply.

Ectoderm derivatives

Skin.

Blastocyst

A fluid-filled ball of cells that forms after the morula.

Neural crest cells

Ectomesenchyme and connective tissue in the head.

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Tongue innervation

Innervated by the glossopharyngeal and trigeminal nerves.

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Branchial arch V

Branchial arch V does not give rise to any structures in humans.

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Glossopharyngeal innervated arch

Branchial arch III.

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Trigeminal innervated arch

Branchial arch I.

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Face development

Week 4.

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Secondary palate

Creates the barrier between the oral and nasal cavities.

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Facial processes

Frontonasal process.

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Muscles of facial expression

Branchial arch II.

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Philtrum formation

From fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal processes.

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Embryonic trilaminar disc

Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

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Mandible origin

Branchial arch I.

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Cleft palate cause

Failure of fusion of the palatine shelves and nasal septum.

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Fluoride disrupts amelogenesis

True.

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Tomes Processes stage

Secretory

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Ameloblasts differentiation

Bell stage

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Enamel, Gingiva and skin - ectoderm derivatives.

True

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Space for ameloblasts.

Stellate reticulum

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Amelogenesis of primary teeth completed before birth.

True

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Dental sac gives rise.

The supporting structures of the teeth.

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Cleft palate failure of fusion

The palatine shelves and the nasal septum.

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Odontogenesis starting layers:

Ectomesenchyme and oral epithelium

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Tongue Nerve innervation.

The tongue is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve and the trigeminal nerve

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Stellate Role

The stellate reticulum plays a key role in amelogenesis by providing nutients to the ameloblasts

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Ectoderm and ectomesenchyme

All oral tissues originate from the ectoderm and the ectomesenchyme (neural crest cells)

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Dento-gingival junction origin

Reduced enamel epithelium

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Face development

Week 3

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