Branches of Science

Natural Sciences: Study of natural phenomena and laws of nature
- Biology: Study of living organisms and their interactions
- Chemistry: Study of properties, composition, and reactions of matter
- Physics: Study of matter, energy, and fundamental laws of the universe
Formal Sciences: Study of formal systems and languages
- Mathematics: Study of numbers, quantities, and shapes
- Logic: Study of reasoning and argumentation
- Computer Science: Study of algorithms, data structures, and programming languages
Applied Sciences: Application of scientific knowledge to practical problems
- Engineering: Application of scientific and mathematical principles to design and build structures, machines, and systems
- Medicine: Application of scientific knowledge to diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases
- Technology: Application of scientific knowledge to develop new products, processes, and services

Observation: Identify a problem or question
Hypothesis: Formulate a tentative explanation or solution
Prediction: Make a forecast based on the hypothesis
Experimentation: Test the hypothesis through experimentation and data collection
Analysis: Interpret the data and draw conclusions
Conclusion: Refine or reject the hypothesis based on the results

Improves understanding of the natural world: Helps us understand how the universe, humans, and other living organisms function
Drives innovation and technology: Applies scientific knowledge to develop new products, processes, and services
Solves real-world problems: Addresses pressing issues such as climate change, disease, and resource management
Enhances critical thinking and problem-solving skills: Develops skills in observation, analysis, and logical reasoning

Natural Sciences: Study of natural phenomena and laws of nature, including:
- Biology: Study of living organisms and their interactions, such as cells, genetics, and ecosystems
- Chemistry: Study of properties, composition, and reactions of matter, including atoms, molecules, and chemical reactions
- Physics: Study of matter, energy, and fundamental laws of the universe, including mechanics, thermodynamics, and electromagnetism
Formal Sciences: Study of formal systems and languages, including:
- Mathematics: Study of numbers, quantities, and shapes, including arithmetic, algebra, and geometry
- Logic: Study of reasoning and argumentation, including deductive and inductive reasoning
- Computer Science: Study of algorithms, data structures, and programming languages, including software development and computer networks
Applied Sciences: Application of scientific knowledge to practical problems, including:
- Engineering: Application of scientific and mathematical principles to design and build structures, machines, and systems, including mechanical, electrical, and civil engineering
- Medicine: Application of scientific knowledge to diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases, including human anatomy, physiology, and pharmacology
- Technology: Application of scientific knowledge to develop new products, processes, and services, including biotechnology, nanotechnology, and information technology

Observation: Identify a problem or question, including collecting data and information
Hypothesis: Formulate a tentative explanation or solution, based on observations and research
Prediction: Make a forecast based on the hypothesis, including predicting outcomes and results
Experimentation: Test the hypothesis through experimentation and data collection, including designing and conducting experiments
Analysis: Interpret the data and draw conclusions, including data analysis and statistical methods
Conclusion: Refine or reject the hypothesis based on the results, including evaluating the significance of the findings

Scientific Theory: A well-substantiated explanation for a set of phenomena, including the theory of evolution and the theory of gravity
Law: A statement that describes a consistent pattern or relationship, including the laws of motion and the law of gravity
Hypothesis: A tentative explanation or solution that can be tested, including null and alternative hypotheses
Variable: A factor that can be changed or manipulated in an experiment, including independent, dependent, and controlled variables
Control: A standard or baseline against which to compare results, including control groups and experimental design
Data: Information or facts collected through observation or experimentation, including quantitative and qualitative data

Improves understanding of the natural world: Helps us understand how the universe, humans, and other living organisms function, including the study of climate change and the environment
Drives innovation and technology: Applies scientific knowledge to develop new products, processes, and services, including medical breakthroughs and technological advancements
Solves real-world problems: Addresses pressing issues such as disease, poverty, and resource management, including the application of science to everyday life
Enhances critical thinking and problem-solving skills: Develops skills in observation, analysis, and logical reasoning, including the development of scientific literacy and critical thinking