Branches of Science

Study Notes

Natural Sciences: Study of natural phenomena and laws of nature
- Biology: Study of living organisms and their interactions
- Chemistry: Study of composition, properties, and reactions of matter
- Physics: Study of matter, energy, and fundamental laws of the universe
Formal Sciences: Study of abstract systems and structures
- Mathematics: Study of numbers, quantities, and shapes
- Logic: Study of reasoning and argumentation
Applied Sciences: Practical application of scientific knowledge
- Engineering: Application of scientific principles to design and build structures, machines, and systems
- Medicine: Application of scientific principles to prevent, diagnose, and treat diseases

Observation: Identification of a problem or phenomenon
Hypothesis: Formation of a tentative explanation or prediction
Experimentation: Design and execution of experiments to test the hypothesis
Data Analysis: Collection and interpretation of data from experiments
Conclusion: Drawing conclusions based on data analysis and hypothesis testing

Scientific Theory: Well-substantiated explanation for a set of phenomena
Law of Science: Statement describing a consistent pattern or relationship in nature
Hypothesis: Tentative explanation or prediction to be tested
Variable: Factor that can be changed or manipulated in an experiment
Control Group: Group in an experiment that is not exposed to the variable being tested

Basic Science: Focus on understanding fundamental principles and laws
Applied Science: Focus on practical applications of scientific knowledge
Interdisciplinary Science: Combines multiple disciplines to study complex phenomena
Citizen Science: Involves non-experts in scientific research and data collection

Natural Sciences involve the study of natural phenomena and laws of nature, encompassing:
- Biology, which explores living organisms and their interactions
- Chemistry, which examines the composition, properties, and reactions of matter
- Physics, which delves into matter, energy, and fundamental laws of the universe
Formal Sciences focus on abstract systems and structures, comprising:
- Mathematics, which deals with numbers, quantities, and shapes
- Logic, which investigates reasoning and argumentation
Applied Sciences concentrate on the practical application of scientific knowledge, including:
- Engineering, which applies scientific principles to design and build structures, machines, and systems
- Medicine, which applies scientific principles to prevent, diagnose, and treat diseases

The scientific method begins with Observation, identifying a problem or phenomenon
A Hypothesis is then formed, providing a tentative explanation or prediction
Experimentation follows, involving the design and execution of experiments to test the hypothesis
Data Analysis involves collecting and interpreting data from experiments
The process concludes with a Conclusion, drawing inferences based on data analysis and hypothesis testing

A Scientific Theory is a well-substantiated explanation for a set of phenomena
A Law of Science is a statement describing a consistent pattern or relationship in nature
A Hypothesis is a tentative explanation or prediction to be tested
A Variable is a factor that can be changed or manipulated in an experiment
A Control Group is a group in an experiment that is not exposed to the variable being tested

Basic Science concentrates on understanding fundamental principles and laws
Applied Science focuses on practical applications of scientific knowledge
Interdisciplinary Science combines multiple disciplines to study complex phenomena
Citizen Science involves non-experts in scientific research and data collection