Branches of Science

Branches of Science

• Natural Sciences:
  • Biology: study of living organisms and their interactions
  • Chemistry: study of the composition, properties, and reactions of matter
  • Physics: study of the natural world around us, including matter, energy, and the fundamental laws of the universe
• Formal Sciences:
  • Mathematics: study of numbers, quantities, and shapes
  • Logic: study of reasoning, arguments, and inference
• Applied Sciences:
  • Engineering: application of scientific knowledge to design, build, and maintain structures, machines, and systems
  • Medicine: application of scientific knowledge to prevent, diagnose, and treat diseases

Scientific Method

1. Observation: making observations about the world around us
2. Hypothesis: forming a hypothesis to explain the observations
3. Prediction: making predictions based on the hypothesis
4. Experiment: designing and conducting experiments to test the hypothesis
5. Analysis: analyzing the data collected from the experiment
6. Conclusion: drawing conclusions based on the analysis

Scientific Theories

• A scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation for a set of phenomena
• Theories are developed through the scientific method and are supported by a large body of evidence
• Examples of scientific theories:
  • Gravity
  • Evolution
  • Atomic structure

Scientific Tools and Techniques

• Measurement: using instruments to measure physical quantities such as length, mass, and time
• Microscopy: using microscopes to observe and study microorganisms and cells
• Chromatography: separating and identifying the components of a mixture
• Spectroscopy: studying the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation

Branches of Science

• Natural Sciences involve the study of natural phenomena
  • Biology: living organisms and their interactions
  • Chemistry: composition, properties, and reactions of matter
  • Physics: natural world, matter, energy, and fundamental laws of the universe

Formal Sciences

• Mathematics: study of numbers, quantities, and shapes
• Logic: reasoning, arguments, and inference

Applied Sciences

• Engineering: applying scientific knowledge to design, build, and maintain structures, machines, and systems
• Medicine: applying scientific knowledge to prevent, diagnose, and treat diseases

Scientific Method

• Observation: making observations about the world around us
• Hypothesis: forming a hypothesis to explain the observations
• Prediction: making predictions based on the hypothesis
• Experiment: designing and conducting experiments to test the hypothesis
• Analysis: analyzing the data collected from the experiment
• Conclusion: drawing conclusions based on the analysis

Scientific Theories

• A scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation for a set of phenomena
• Theories are developed through the scientific method and are supported by a large body of evidence
• Examples of scientific theories: Gravity, Evolution, Atomic structure

Scientific Tools and Techniques

• Measurement: using instruments to measure physical quantities such as length, mass, and time
• Microscopy: using microscopes to observe and study microorganisms and cells
• Chromatography: separating and identifying the components of a mixture
• Spectroscopy: studying the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation