Branches of Science

Questions and Answers

What should you do if you get a chemical in your eye?

Try to remove the chemical with your bare hands

Use a heat-resistant glove to remove the chemical from your eye

Flush your eyes with water and then inform your teacher (correct)

Inform your teacher immediately and then flush your eyes with water

Why is it important to check glassware for chips or cracks before use?

To ensure the glassware is clean and dry

Because the teacher told you to

To make sure the glassware is heat-resistant

To prevent the glassware from breaking during use (correct)

What should you do when handling hot materials?

Let the hot materials cool down before handling them

Use your bare hands to handle the hot materials

Use tongs, test tube holders, or heat-resistant gloves to avoid burns (correct)

Inform your teacher that the materials are too hot to handle

What is an inference in the context of science process skills?

A reason given for an observation Signup and view all the answers

Why should you not dispose of solid or liquid chemicals in the sink?

Because the chemicals might contaminate the sink Signup and view all the answers

What should you do when lighting an alcohol lamp or Bunsen burner?

Follow the proper procedure for lighting the lamp or burner Signup and view all the answers

Why should you keep your hands away from your face when working with chemicals?

To avoid touching your face with contaminated hands Signup and view all the answers

What should you do when handling glass tubing?

Follow your teacher's instructions for handling glass tubing Signup and view all the answers

What should you do when there is an acid spill in the lab?

Use baking soda to neutralize the acid Signup and view all the answers

Why should you turn off heat sources when not in use?

To prevent fires from occurring Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Branches of Science

Science can be classified into two types: pure science and applied science
Pure science is the theoretical study of natural or physical phenomena without regard to practical application
Applied science develops practical uses of scientific knowledge

Main Subdivisions of Science

Physical sciences: study of nonliving matter
- Subcategories: chemistry, physics
Earth sciences: study of the Earth
- Subcategories: geology, paleontology, meteorology, seismology, astronomy
Life sciences: study of living organisms
- Subcategories: botany, zoology, microbiology, ecology, genetics, physiology, medicine, biochemistry

Life Sciences

Study of internal body processes and organisms
Subcategories: biology, botany, zoology, microbiology, ecology, genetics, physiology, medicine, biochemistry

Physical Sciences

Study of nonliving matter
Subcategories: chemistry, physics
- Chemistry: study of composition, structure, form, and properties of matter
- Physics: study of matter and energy

Earth Sciences

Study of the Earth
Subcategories: geology, paleontology, meteorology, seismology, astronomy
- Geology: study of the origin, history, evolution, and structure of the Earth's crust
- Paleontology: study of prehistoric life based on fossils
- Meteorology: study of the atmosphere and weather processes

Famous Scientists

Galileo Galilei: Italian physicist and astronomer, contributed to astronomy and physics
Isaac Newton: English physicist, mathematician, and natural philosopher, formulated laws of universal gravitation and motion
Alessandro Volta: Italian physicist, pioneered work in electricity
Michael Faraday: British physicist and chemist, discovered electromagnetic induction and laws of electrolysis

Scientific Attitudes

Careful judgement: not jumping to conclusions, basing judgement on facts and reliable information
Creativity: generating original ideas and finding alternative solutions
Critical-mindedness: willingness to evaluate evidence and consider multiple perspectives
Curiosity: desire to learn and understand
Humility: recognizing limitations and acknowledging the contributions of others
Intellectual honesty: reporting truthfully and acknowledging sources of information
Objectivity: recording observations and data accurately
Patience: taking the time to thoroughly investigate and solve problems
Resourcefulness: finding alternative solutions and materials
Rationality: believing in the power of reason and evidence

Laboratory Instruments

Common laboratory instruments: spring scale, instruments used for heating, measuring and holding liquids, holding hot solids, measuring solids, transferring liquids, microscope
Types of microscopes: optical microscope, electron microscope
Parts of the microscope: revolving nosepiece, high-power objective, low-power objective, stage, stage clips, aperture, light source
Care for the microscope: handling, focusing, and storing the microscope properly

Laboratory Safety

Personal safety: obtaining permission, reading and understanding instructions, wearing goggles, avoiding running and playing in the laboratory
Safety in handling plants: being careful when collecting or handling plants, avoiding eating or tasting unfamiliar plants
Safety in handling animals: handling animals with care, avoiding causing pain or discomfort, wearing gloves
Safety in the science lab: eye safety, safety in using flammable and hot objects, glassware safety, safety in handling chemicals