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Questions and Answers
What should you do if you get a chemical in your eye?
What should you do if you get a chemical in your eye?
Why is it important to check glassware for chips or cracks before use?
Why is it important to check glassware for chips or cracks before use?
What should you do when handling hot materials?
What should you do when handling hot materials?
What is an inference in the context of science process skills?
What is an inference in the context of science process skills?
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Why should you not dispose of solid or liquid chemicals in the sink?
Why should you not dispose of solid or liquid chemicals in the sink?
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What should you do when lighting an alcohol lamp or Bunsen burner?
What should you do when lighting an alcohol lamp or Bunsen burner?
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Why should you keep your hands away from your face when working with chemicals?
Why should you keep your hands away from your face when working with chemicals?
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What should you do when handling glass tubing?
What should you do when handling glass tubing?
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What should you do when there is an acid spill in the lab?
What should you do when there is an acid spill in the lab?
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Why should you turn off heat sources when not in use?
Why should you turn off heat sources when not in use?
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Study Notes
Branches of Science
- Science can be classified into two types: pure science and applied science
- Pure science is the theoretical study of natural or physical phenomena without regard to practical application
- Applied science develops practical uses of scientific knowledge
Main Subdivisions of Science
- Physical sciences: study of nonliving matter
- Subcategories: chemistry, physics
- Earth sciences: study of the Earth
- Subcategories: geology, paleontology, meteorology, seismology, astronomy
- Life sciences: study of living organisms
- Subcategories: botany, zoology, microbiology, ecology, genetics, physiology, medicine, biochemistry
Life Sciences
- Study of internal body processes and organisms
- Subcategories: biology, botany, zoology, microbiology, ecology, genetics, physiology, medicine, biochemistry
Physical Sciences
- Study of nonliving matter
- Subcategories: chemistry, physics
- Chemistry: study of composition, structure, form, and properties of matter
- Physics: study of matter and energy
Earth Sciences
- Study of the Earth
- Subcategories: geology, paleontology, meteorology, seismology, astronomy
- Geology: study of the origin, history, evolution, and structure of the Earth's crust
- Paleontology: study of prehistoric life based on fossils
- Meteorology: study of the atmosphere and weather processes
Famous Scientists
- Galileo Galilei: Italian physicist and astronomer, contributed to astronomy and physics
- Isaac Newton: English physicist, mathematician, and natural philosopher, formulated laws of universal gravitation and motion
- Alessandro Volta: Italian physicist, pioneered work in electricity
- Michael Faraday: British physicist and chemist, discovered electromagnetic induction and laws of electrolysis
Scientific Attitudes
- Careful judgement: not jumping to conclusions, basing judgement on facts and reliable information
- Creativity: generating original ideas and finding alternative solutions
- Critical-mindedness: willingness to evaluate evidence and consider multiple perspectives
- Curiosity: desire to learn and understand
- Humility: recognizing limitations and acknowledging the contributions of others
- Intellectual honesty: reporting truthfully and acknowledging sources of information
- Objectivity: recording observations and data accurately
- Patience: taking the time to thoroughly investigate and solve problems
- Resourcefulness: finding alternative solutions and materials
- Rationality: believing in the power of reason and evidence
Laboratory Instruments
- Common laboratory instruments: spring scale, instruments used for heating, measuring and holding liquids, holding hot solids, measuring solids, transferring liquids, microscope
- Types of microscopes: optical microscope, electron microscope
- Parts of the microscope: revolving nosepiece, high-power objective, low-power objective, stage, stage clips, aperture, light source
- Care for the microscope: handling, focusing, and storing the microscope properly
Laboratory Safety
- Personal safety: obtaining permission, reading and understanding instructions, wearing goggles, avoiding running and playing in the laboratory
- Safety in handling plants: being careful when collecting or handling plants, avoiding eating or tasting unfamiliar plants
- Safety in handling animals: handling animals with care, avoiding causing pain or discomfort, wearing gloves
- Safety in the science lab: eye safety, safety in using flammable and hot objects, glassware safety, safety in handling chemicals
Science Process Skills
- Inferring: giving a reason for an observation
- Example: rubbing hands together and making inferences about the heat generated
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Description
Learn about the classification of science into pure and applied science, and the main subdivisions of science including physical sciences and earth sciences.
