Branches of Physics

Branches of Physics

• Mechanics: Study of motion, forces, and energy
• Thermodynamics: Study of heat, temperature, and energy transfer
• Electromagnetism: Study of electricity, magnetism, and electromagnetic waves
• Optics: Study of light, vision, and optical instruments
• Quantum Mechanics: Study of behavior of matter and energy at atomic and subatomic level
• Relativity: Study of space and time, including special and general relativity

Key Concepts

• Matter: Anything that has mass and occupies space
• Energy: Ability to do work, comes in various forms (kinetic, potential, thermal)
• Force: Push or pull that causes an object to change its motion
• Newton's Laws:
  1. Inertia: Object at rest stays at rest, object in motion stays in motion
  2. Force and acceleration: F = ma
  3. Action and reaction: Every action has an equal and opposite reaction
• Work and Efficiency:
  • Work: Force multiplied by distance (W = F × d)
  • Efficiency: Ratio of output energy to input energy (η = W_out / W_in)

Important Physicists

• Isaac Newton: Developed laws of motion and universal gravitation
• Albert Einstein: Developed theory of relativity and famous equation E = mc²
• Marie Curie: Discovered radioactive elements and pioneered radioactivity research
• Max Planck: Introduced concept of quantized energy and founded quantum theory
• Niels Bohr: Contributed to understanding of atomic structure and quantum mechanics

Branches of Physics

• Mechanics involves the study of motion, forces, and energy
• Thermodynamics deals with the study of heat, temperature, and energy transfer
• Electromagnetism encompasses the study of electricity, magnetism, and electromagnetic waves
• Optics is the study of light, vision, and optical instruments
• Quantum Mechanics explores the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic level
• Relativity involves the study of space and time, including special and general relativity

Key Concepts

• Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space
• Energy is the ability to do work and comes in various forms, including kinetic, potential, and thermal
• A force is a push or pull that causes an object to change its motion
• Newton's Laws consist of three laws:
  • Inertia: an object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion
  • Force and acceleration: F = ma
  • Action and reaction: every action has an equal and opposite reaction
• Work is the product of force and distance (W = F × d)
• Efficiency is the ratio of output energy to input energy (η = W_out / W_in)

Important Physicists

• Isaac Newton developed the laws of motion and universal gravitation
• Albert Einstein developed the theory of relativity and is famous for the equation E = mc²
• Marie Curie discovered radioactive elements and pioneered radioactivity research
• Max Planck introduced the concept of quantized energy and founded quantum theory
• Niels Bohr contributed to our understanding of atomic structure and quantum mechanics