Branches of Physics

Branches of Physics

• Mechanics: study of motion, forces, and energy
• Thermodynamics: study of heat, temperature, and energy transfer
• Electromagnetism: study of electricity, magnetism, and electromagnetic waves
• Optics: study of light, vision, and optical instruments
• Quantum Mechanics: study of behavior of matter and energy at atomic and subatomic levels
• Relativity: study of space and time, including special relativity and general relativity

Key Concepts

• Matter: anything that has mass and occupies space
• Energy: ability to do work
• Force: push or pull that causes an object to change its motion
• Motion: change in position of an object over time
• Work: transfer of energy from one object to another
• Power: rate at which work is done
• Speed: distance traveled per unit time
• Velocity: speed in a specific direction
• Acceleration: change in velocity over time

Laws of Physics

• Newton's Laws of Motion:
  1. First law: an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will continue to move with a constant velocity, unless acted upon by an external force.
  2. Second law: force is equal to the rate of change of momentum.
  3. Third law: for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
• Law of Universal Gravitation: every point mass attracts every other point mass by a force acting along the line intersecting both points.
• Conservation of Energy: energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another.
• Conservation of Momentum: momentum remains constant in a closed system.

Important Physicists

• Isaac Newton: developed laws of motion and universal gravitation
• Albert Einstein: developed theory of relativity and famous equation E=mc²
• Marie Curie: discovered radioactive elements and pioneered radioactivity research
• Galileo Galilei: made key observations on motion and inertia
• Max Planck: developed quantum theory and introduced concept of Planck's constant

Branches of Physics

• Mechanics studies motion, forces, and energy.
• Thermodynamics focuses on heat, temperature, and energy transfer.
• Electromagnetism explores electricity, magnetism, and electromagnetic waves.
• Optics delves into light, vision, and optical instruments.
• Quantum Mechanics examines behavior of matter and energy at atomic and subatomic levels.
• Relativity covers space and time, including special and general relativity.

Key Concepts

• Matter is anything with mass that occupies space.
• Energy is the ability to do work.
• Force is a push or pull causing an object to change its motion.
• Motion is the change in an object's position over time.
• Work is the transfer of energy from one object to another.
• Power is the rate at which work is done.
• Speed is the distance traveled per unit time.
• Velocity is speed in a specific direction.
• Acceleration is the change in velocity over time.

Laws of Physics

• Newton's First Law of Motion: an object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion continues with constant velocity, unless acted upon by an external force.
• Newton's Second Law of Motion: force equals the rate of change of momentum.
• Newton's Third Law of Motion: every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
• Law of Universal Gravitation: every point mass attracts every other point mass with a force acting along the line intersecting both points.
• Conservation of Energy: energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another.
• Conservation of Momentum: momentum remains constant in a closed system.

Important Physicists

• Isaac Newton developed laws of motion and universal gravitation.
• Albert Einstein developed the theory of relativity and the famous equation E=mc².
• Marie Curie discovered radioactive elements and pioneered radioactivity research.
• Galileo Galilei made key observations on motion and inertia.
• Max Planck developed quantum theory and introduced the concept of Planck's constant.