Branches of Microbiology

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Questions and Answers

Which microorganism is responsible for tuberculosis?

  • Staphylococcus bacteria
  • Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (correct)
  • Bacillus Anthracis
  • Penicillium notatum

John Tyndall discovered the method of sterilization known as Tyndallization.

True (A)

What compound did Joseph Lister use to sterilize surgical instruments?

carbolic acid

The vaccine developed by Edward Jenner was for __________.

<p>smallpox</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following scientists with their contributions:

<p>John Enders = Cultivated poliovirus Paul Ehrlich = Developed Salvarsan Gerhard Domagk = Discovered Prontosil Alexander Fleming = Discovered Penicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of vaccination?

<p>To provide immunity against specific diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Viruses are larger than bacteria.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic was discovered by Paul Waksman for tuberculosis?

<p>Streptomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of microbiology studies fungi?

<p>Mycology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Robert Koch is known for developing the theory of spontaneous generation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is known as the 'Father of Microbiology'?

<p>Antonie van Leeuwenhoek</p> Signup and view all the answers

Louis Pasteur developed the method of __________ to kill harmful microorganisms in food.

<p>pasteurization</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following pioneers of microbiology with their contributions:

<p>Antonie van Leeuwenhoek = First to observe and describe microorganisms Robert Hooke = Coined the term 'cell' Louis Pasteur = Disproved spontaneous generation Francesco Redi = Demonstrated that maggots do not arise from decaying meat</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of medical microbiology?

<p>Identification, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

John Needham's experiment supported the Theory of Spontaneous Generation.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main conclusion of the Swan-Neck Flask experiment conducted by Louis Pasteur?

<p>Microorganisms exist independently and can cause various diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<h1>=</h1> <h1>=</h1> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Microbiology

The study of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and the immune system's response to them.

Bacteriology

The branch of microbiology focused on the study of bacteria, including their structure, function, and role in various processes.

Virology

The study of viruses, including their structure, replication, and interactions with host cells.

Mycology

The study of fungi, including their structure, reproduction, and impact on the environment.

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Parasitology

The study of parasites, including their life cycles, interactions with hosts, and the diseases they cause.

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Immunology

The study of the immune system and how it protects the body from infections.

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Spontaneous Generation

The theory that living organisms can arise from non-living matter, which was disproven by Louis Pasteur.

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Pasteurization

A scientific method used to kill harmful microorganisms in food and beverages, invented by Louis Pasteur.

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Bacterial Spores

Heat-resistant bacterial structures that survive boiling and allow bacteria to persist in harsh conditions.

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Tyndallization

Sterilization method involving repeated cycles of boiling and cooling to kill bacterial spores.

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Antiseptics

Chemicals used to sterilize surgical instruments, wounds, and the surgical environment, aiming to prevent postoperative infections.

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Germ Theory

The principle that microorganisms cause diseases. This theory revolutionized medicine.

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Contagia

A disease-causing microorganism.

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Vaccination

The process of using a weakened or less infectious pathogen to provide immunity against a more harmful disease.

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Magic Bullet

The ability of a drug to selectively target and destroy disease-causing microorganisms without harming the host.

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Chemotherapy

The use of drugs to treat infections caused by microorganisms.

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Study Notes

Branches of Microbiology

  • Bacteriology: Study of bacteria
  • Virology: Study of viruses
  • Mycology: Study of fungi
  • Parasitology: Study of parasites
  • Immunology: Study of the immune system's response to infections

Microbial Genetics

  • Study of microbial DNA and genetic information transfer during reproduction

Industrial Microbiology

  • Application of microbes in industrial processes (e.g., vaccines, antibiotics)

Medical Microbiology

  • Focuses on disease-causing microbes in humans, including identification, diagnosis, and treatment

Pioneers in Microbiology

  • Antonie van Leeuwenhoek: Developed the first simple microscope, observed and described microorganisms ("animalcules")

  • Robert Hooke: Developed "cytology" (study of cells); first used "cell" to describe microscopic structures; detailed drawings and descriptions of microorganisms in "Micrographia"

  • John Needham: Proposed spontaneous generation (nonliving things creating living organisms); boiled broth, sealed flasks, microorganisms still appeared

  • Lazzaro Spallanzani: Challenged Needham's findings

  • Francesco Redi: Challenged spontaneous generation; showed maggots only appeared in uncovered meat (disproved for macroscopic life)

  • Louis Pasteur: Disproved spontaneous generation using the swan-neck flask experiment; established the germ theory of disease (microbes cause disease); developed pasteurization.

  • Robert Koch: Developed methods for isolating and identifying disease-causing bacteria (e.g., Bacillus Anthracis, Mycobacterium Tuberculosis)

  • John Tyndall: Discovered heat-resistant bacterial spores; developed tyndallization for sterilization by repeated cycles of boiling and cooling

  • Joseph Lister: Developed antiseptic surgery using carbolic acid to sterilize instruments, wounds, and surgical environments (preventing infections).

  • Friedrich Henle: Argued contagia (disease-causing agents) were smaller than bacteria (viruses are smaller)

  • Edward Jenner: Developed the smallpox vaccine, pioneering vaccination by using a less infectious pathogen to provide immunity against a more harmful disease.

  • John Enders: Successfully cultured poliovirus, leading to polio vaccine development (with others)

  • Paul Ehrlich: Developed chemotherapy, envisioning a "magic bullet" drug targeting pathogens selectively; developed Salvarsan (anti-syphilis).

  • Gerhard Domagk: Discovered antibacterial effects of Prontosil, a sulfonamide, leading to the use of sulfa drugs.

  • Paul Waksman: Discovered Streptomycin, an antibiotic against tuberculosis.

  • Alexander Fleming: Discovered penicillin, observing mold killing bacteria.

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