Branches of Biology

Study Notes

Botany: study of plants, including structure, growth, evolution, classification, and distribution
Zoology: study of animals, including structure, growth, evolution, classification, and distribution
Microbiology: study of microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi
Ecology: study of interactions between organisms and their environment
Biochemistry: study of chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms
Molecular Biology: study of structure, function, and interactions of biomolecules, such as DNA, RNA, and proteins
Genetics: study of heredity, genes, and genetic variation
Evolutionary Biology: study of evolution of species, populations, and genes

Cell Structure: cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, etc.
Cellular Processes: metabolism, photosynthesis, cell signaling, cell division, apoptosis, etc.

Mendelian Genetics: study of inheritance patterns of traits, including laws of segregation and independent assortment
Molecular Genetics: study of DNA, genes, and genetic code
Genetic Variation: study of genetic differences within and between populations

Mechanisms of Evolution: mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, natural selection, genetic hitchhiking, etc.
Evidence for Evolution: fossil record, comparative anatomy, molecular biology, biogeography, etc.

Ecosystems: communities of organisms and their environment
Population Ecology: study of population dynamics, growth, and interactions
Community Ecology: study of interactions between different species
Ecosystem Services: benefits provided by ecosystems, such as pollination, pest control, and climate regulation

Botany is the study of plants, encompassing their structure, growth, evolution, classification, and distribution.
Zoology is the study of animals, covering their structure, growth, evolution, classification, and distribution.
Microbiology focuses on microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
Ecology examines the interactions between organisms and their environment.
Biochemistry delves into the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms.
Molecular Biology explores the structure, function, and interactions of biomolecules, such as DNA, RNA, and proteins.
Genetics is the study of heredity, genes, and genetic variation.
Evolutionary Biology investigates the evolution of species, populations, and genes.

Cell structure comprises the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, and other components.
Cellular processes include metabolism, photosynthesis, cell signaling, cell division, apoptosis, and other vital functions.

Mendelian Genetics studies the inheritance patterns of traits, governed by laws of segregation and independent assortment.
Molecular Genetics examines the structure and function of DNA, genes, and the genetic code.
Genetic Variation explores the genetic differences within and between populations.

Mechanisms of Evolution include mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, natural selection, genetic hitchhiking, and other factors driving evolutionary change.
Evidence for Evolution comes from the fossil record, comparative anatomy, molecular biology, biogeography, and other fields.

Ecosystems consist of communities of organisms and their environment.
Population Ecology focuses on population dynamics, growth, and interactions.
Community Ecology examines the interactions between different species.
Ecosystem Services provide benefits such as pollination, pest control, climate regulation, and other essential functions.