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Questions and Answers
What is the process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells?
What is the study of the evolutionary history of organisms?
What is the process by which a new species emerges from an existing one?
What type of organisms break down dead organic matter?
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What is the study of plants, including their structure, growth, evolution, and interactions with the environment?
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What is a series of organisms that are connected by their feeding relationships?
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What is the function of carbohydrates in the body?
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What is the term for structures that are shared between different species and have a common ancestor?
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What is the function of the mitochondria in a cell?
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What is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy?
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What is the study of the relationships between organisms and their environment?
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What is the function of the cell membrane?
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What is the study of the structure and function of biological molecules, such as DNA and proteins?
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What is the process by which cells generate energy from glucose?
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Study Notes
Branches of Biology
- Botany: Study of plants, including their structure, growth, evolution, and interactions with the environment.
- Zoology: Study of animals, including their structure, behavior, evolution, and interactions with the environment.
- Microbiology: Study of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms.
- Ecology: Study of the relationships between organisms and their environment.
- Biochemistry: Study of the chemical processes that occur within living organisms.
- Molecular Biology: Study of the structure and function of biological molecules, such as DNA and proteins.
- Cell Biology: Study of the structure and function of cells, including their interactions and behaviors.
Biological Molecules
- Carbohydrates: Provide energy for the body, examples include sugars, starches, and cellulose.
- Proteins: Perform a variety of functions, including structure, transport, and catalysis, examples include enzymes, hormones, and hemoglobin.
- Lipids: Provide energy and structure, examples include fats, oils, and cholesterol.
- Nucleic Acids: Contain genetic information, examples include DNA and RNA.
Cell Structure
- Cell Membrane: Semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell and regulates the movement of materials.
- Cytoplasm: Jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane where metabolic processes occur.
- Nucleus: Contain genetic information, responsible for cell growth and reproduction.
- Mitochondria: Generate energy for the cell through cellular respiration.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum: Involved in protein synthesis and transport.
- Lysosomes: Contain digestive enzymes that break down waste and foreign substances.
Biological Processes
- Photosynthesis: Process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy.
- Cellular Respiration: Process by which cells generate energy from glucose.
- Mitosis: Process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.
- Meiosis: Process of cell division that results in four non-identical daughter cells, used in gamete formation.
Evolution
- Natural Selection: Process by which populations adapt to their environment through genetic variation.
- Speciation: Process by which a new species emerges from an existing one.
- Phylogeny: Study of the evolutionary history of organisms.
- Homologous Structures: Structures that are shared between different species and have a common ancestor.
Ecosystems
- Producers: Organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis, such as plants and algae.
- Consumers: Organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms, such as animals and fungi.
- Decomposers: Organisms that break down dead organic matter, such as bacteria and fungi.
- Food Chains: Series of organisms that are connected by their feeding relationships.
- Food Webs: Network of food chains that are interconnected.
Branches of Biology
- Botany involves the study of plant structure, growth, evolution, and environmental interactions.
- Zoology encompasses the study of animal structure, behavior, evolution, and environmental interactions.
- Microbiology explores microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and other microbes.
- Ecology examines the relationships between organisms and their environment.
- Biochemistry delves into the chemical processes within living organisms.
- Molecular Biology investigates the structure and function of biological molecules, such as DNA and proteins.
- Cell Biology analyzes the structure and function of cells, including their interactions and behaviors.
Biological Molecules
- Carbohydrates provide energy for the body and include sugars, starches, and cellulose.
- Proteins perform various functions, including structure, transport, and catalysis, and include enzymes, hormones, and hemoglobin.
- Lipids provide energy and structure, comprising fats, oils, and cholesterol.
- Nucleic Acids contain genetic information and include DNA and RNA.
Cell Structure
- The Cell Membrane is a semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell and regulates material movement.
- Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane where metabolic processes occur.
- The Nucleus contains genetic information and is responsible for cell growth and reproduction.
- Mitochondria generate energy for the cell through cellular respiration.
- The Endoplasmic Reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and transport.
- Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down waste and foreign substances.
Biological Processes
- Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy.
- Cellular Respiration is the process by which cells generate energy from glucose.
- Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.
- Meiosis is the process of cell division that results in four non-identical daughter cells, used in gamete formation.
Evolution
- Natural Selection is the process by which populations adapt to their environment through genetic variation.
- Speciation is the process by which a new species emerges from an existing one.
- Phylogeny is the study of the evolutionary history of organisms.
- Homologous Structures are shared between different species and have a common ancestor.
Ecosystems
- Producers are organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis, such as plants and algae.
- Consumers are organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms, such as animals and fungi.
- Decomposers are organisms that break down dead organic matter, such as bacteria and fungi.
- Food Chains are series of organisms connected by their feeding relationships.
- Food Webs are networks of interconnected food chains.
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Description
Explore the different branches of biology, including the study of plants, animals, microorganisms, ecosystems, and biochemical processes.
