Biology Overview

Biology

Definition: Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.

Branches of Biology:

• Botany: Study of plants and plant-like organisms
• Zoology: Study of animals and animal-like organisms
• Microbiology: Study of microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses
• Ecology: Study of the relationships between organisms and their environment
• Genetics: Study of heredity, genes, and genetic variation
• Biochemistry: Study of the chemical processes that occur within living organisms

Key Concepts:

• Cells: Basic structural and functional units of life
• DNA: Molecule that contains genetic information
• Evolution: Process of change in species over time through natural selection and genetic drift
• Ecosystems: Communities of living organisms and their physical environment
• Homeostasis: Ability of living organisms to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment

Biological Molecules:

• Carbohydrates: Energy source for cells (e.g., sugars, starches)
• Proteins: Building blocks of cells (e.g., enzymes, hormones)
• Lipids: Energy storage and structural components (e.g., fats, oils)
• Nucleic Acids: Contain genetic information (e.g., DNA, RNA)

Biological Processes:

• Photosynthesis: Process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy
• Respiration: Process by which cells generate energy from glucose
• Metabolism: Set of chemical reactions that occur within cells to maintain life
• Homeostatic Regulation: Process by which living organisms maintain a stable internal environment

Biology

Definition and Branches

• Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.
• Branches of Biology include:
  • Botany, the study of plants and plant-like organisms
  • Zoology, the study of animals and animal-like organisms
  • Microbiology, the study of microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses
  • Ecology, the study of the relationships between organisms and their environment
  • Genetics, the study of heredity, genes, and genetic variation
  • Biochemistry, the study of the chemical processes that occur within living organisms

Key Concepts

• Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.
• DNA is the molecule that contains genetic information.
• Evolution is the process of change in species over time through natural selection and genetic drift.
• Ecosystems are communities of living organisms and their physical environment.
• Homeostasis is the ability of living organisms to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment.

Biological Molecules

• Carbohydrates are an energy source for cells, including sugars and starches.
• Proteins are the building blocks of cells, including enzymes and hormones.
• Lipids are used for energy storage and as structural components, including fats and oils.
• Nucleic acids contain genetic information, including DNA and RNA.

Biological Processes

• Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy.
• Respiration is the process by which cells generate energy from glucose.
• Metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that occur within cells to maintain life.
• Homeostatic regulation is the process by which living organisms maintain a stable internal environment.

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