Branches of Biology

Organization: living things are composed of cells
Metabolism: living things carry out chemical reactions to maintain homeostasis
Homeostasis: living things maintain a stable internal environment
Growth and Development: living things grow and develop over time
Reproduction: living things produce offspring
Response to Stimuli: living things respond to changes in their environment
Evolution: living things change over time through genetic variation and natural selection

Cell Membrane: semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell
Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane
Nucleus: control center of the cell where DNA is stored
Mitochondria: organelles responsible for generating energy for the cell
Ribosomes: organelles responsible for protein synthesis
Lysosomes: organelles responsible for breaking down and recycling cellular waste

Photosynthesis: process by which plants convert sunlight into energy
Respiration: process by which cells generate energy from glucose
Mitosis: process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells
Meiosis: process of cell division that results in four non-identical daughter cells
Gene Expression: process by which genetic information is converted into a functional product

Botany is the study of plants, including their structure, growth, evolution, and interactions with the environment
Zoology is the study of animals, including their structure, behavior, evolution, and interactions with the environment
Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and other tiny life forms
Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment, including the impact of human activities on the environment
Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes that occur within living organisms, including metabolism and energy production
Molecular Biology is the study of biological molecules, including DNA, RNA, and proteins, and their interactions
Cellular Biology is the study of cell structure and function, including cell division, growth, and communication
Genetics is the study of heredity and variation, including the transmission of traits from one generation to the next
Evolutionary Biology is the study of evolution and diversity of life, including the processes that have shaped the history of life on Earth
Marine Biology is the study of organisms that live in the ocean, including their evolution, behavior, and interactions with their environment
Biophysics is the study of physical principles underlying biological processes, including the structure and function of molecules and cells

Living things are composed of one or more cells, which are the basic structural and functional units of life
Metabolism is the process by which living things carry out chemical reactions to maintain homeostasis and support growth and development
Homeostasis is the ability of living things to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment
Growth and Development are the processes by which living things increase in size and complexity over time
Reproduction is the process by which living things produce offspring, allowing populations to grow and evolve over time
Response to Stimuli is the ability of living things to respond to changes in their environment, including light, temperature, and touch
Evolution is the process by which living things change over time through genetic variation and natural selection

The Cell Membrane is a semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell and regulates the movement of materials in and out
Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane where many metabolic processes take place
The Nucleus is the control center of the cell where DNA is stored and transcribed into RNA
Mitochondria are organelles responsible for generating energy for the cell through cellular respiration
Ribosomes are organelles responsible for protein synthesis, where mRNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids
Lysosomes are organelles responsible for breaking down and recycling cellular waste and foreign substances

Carbohydrates are biological molecules that provide energy for the cell, including sugars, starches, and cellulose
Proteins are biological molecules that perform a variety of functions in the cell, including structural, enzymatic, and signaling roles
Lipids are biological molecules that provide energy and structure for the cell, including fats, oils, and waxes
Nucleic Acids are biological molecules that store genetic information in the form of DNA and RNA
ATP is the energy currency of the cell, providing energy for metabolic processes and other cellular activities

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert sunlight into energy, producing glucose and oxygen
Respiration is the process by which cells generate energy from glucose, releasing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts
Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells, essential for growth, development, and tissue repair
Meiosis is the process of cell division that results in four non-identical daughter cells, essential for sexual reproduction
Gene Expression is the process by which genetic information is converted into a functional product, including transcription and translation