Biology Overview

Study Notes

Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.
It explores the diversity of life forms, from molecules to ecosystems.

Botany: study of plants and their interactions with the environment
Zoology: study of animals and their interactions with the environment
Microbiology: study of microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses
Ecology: study of the relationships between organisms and their environment
Genetics: study of heredity, genes, and genetic variation
Biochemistry: study of the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms
Biophysics: study of the physical principles underlying biological processes

Carbohydrates: energy source for cells, composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Proteins: building blocks of life, composed of amino acids
Lipids: energy storage molecules, composed of fatty acids and glycerol
Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA, containing genetic information

Cell Structure: plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes
Cellular Processes: metabolism, photosynthesis, respiration, mitosis, meiosis

Theory of Evolution: species change over time through natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow
Species Diversity: classification, taxonomy, and characteristics of different species
Phylogeny: study of evolutionary relationships between organisms

Ecosystem Components: biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors
Energy Flow: producers, consumers, decomposers, and energy transfer
Population Dynamics: growth, limitation, and interactions between populations

Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms, exploring their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.

Botany explores the interactions between plants and their environment.
Zoology examines the interactions between animals and their environment.
Microbiology studies microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses.
Ecology examines the relationships between organisms and their environment.
Genetics delves into heredity, genes, and genetic variation.
Biochemistry investigates the chemical processes and substances within living organisms.
Biophysics explores the physical principles underlying biological processes.

Carbohydrates serve as an energy source for cells, composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Proteins are the building blocks of life, consisting of amino acids.
Lipids are energy storage molecules, comprising fatty acids and glycerol.
Nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA, contain genetic information.

Cell structure consists of the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, and lysosomes.
Cellular processes include metabolism, photosynthesis, respiration, mitosis, and meiosis.

The theory of evolution explains how species change over time through natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow.
Species diversity involves classification, taxonomy, and the characteristics of different species.
Phylogeny is the study of evolutionary relationships between organisms.

Ecosystem components consist of biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors.
Energy flow occurs through producers, consumers, decomposers, and energy transfer.
Population dynamics involve growth, limitation, and interactions between populations.