Brainstorming Techniques and Roles Quiz
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Questions and Answers

In the brainstorming process, what does "blending ideas" refer to?

  • Creating new ideas by combining existing ones
  • Presenting ideas in a way that blends seamlessly
  • Eliminating ideas that are too similar to existing ones
  • Combining similar ideas into one consolidated idea (correct)

What is a key advantage of using a tool like TWiki for brainstorming?

  • It facilitates the implementation of chosen ideas.
  • It automatically ranks ideas based on their popularity.
  • It helps to eliminate ideas that are not feasible.
  • It provides a centralized platform for idea generation and discussion. (correct)

What is the primary role of the Executive Sponsor in a Joint Application Design (JAD) session?

  • To facilitate the session and ensure smooth flow of discussions.
  • To represent the end-users and their perspectives.
  • To document the key ideas and decisions made during the session.
  • To provide strategic insights and guidance throughout the session. (correct)

What is the purpose of assigning points to ideas during brainstorming?

<p>To help in ranking and prioritizing ideas based on their value. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common method for eliminating ideas during brainstorming?

<p>Conducting a competitive bidding process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the "voting with campaign speeches" method in brainstorming?

<p>To encourage participants to actively defend their ideas and build consensus. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential challenge of conducting brainstorming sessions via email?

<p>It can be challenging to maintain focus and avoid irrelevant discussions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to have a good moderator during brainstorming sessions?

<p>To ensure that the session stays on track and avoids unproductive tangents. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of product scope in project management?

<p>The purpose of the product and system boundaries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes requirements in project management?

<p>They determine what is needed for the product to meet business objectives. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key reasons for reducing the scope of a project?

<p>To ensure successful project completion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the vision and scope document include?

<p>Business requirements and the vision of the solution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process does requirements elicitation specifically involve?

<p>Communicating with stakeholders to discover needs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a potential risk when defining the scope of a project?

<p>Underestimating resource requirements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when establishing broader goals for a project?

<p>The simplicity of the problem being solved (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the scope constraints document in project management?

<p>To define what is included and excluded from the project scope (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the benefits of using questionnaires in research?

<p>They can reach multiple people, potentially anonymously. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major challenge associated with designing questionnaires?

<p>Preparation time can be significant. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of questions are considered 'demography questions' in a survey?

<p>Questions about age, country, and occupation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When conducting analysis on survey results, why is it important to test your questionnaire on a small group first?

<p>To evaluate statistical significance and refine questions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'the Storm' refer to in the brainstorming process?

<p>The phase where participants generate many ideas rapidly. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of question in a survey invites open-ended responses?

<p>Supplementary open questions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What scale is recommended for attitudinal questions to avoid a central tendency bias?

<p>A scale with no center, containing 4-6 values. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key reason to include redundant questions in a survey?

<p>They enhance the robustness of the data collected. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the project scope define?

<p>The boundaries of what is included and excluded in the project (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is included in a vision statement template?

<p>Target customer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Chemical Tracking System?

<p>To track the usage and location of chemical containers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What benefit does the Chemical Tracking System claim to provide to the company?

<p>Full utilization of existing chemicals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the University of Ottawa's vision aspire to define itself?

<p>By being a leader in community integration and innovation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates the envisioned Chemical Tracking System from current manual processes?

<p>It generates government compliance reports automatically (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key aspect of the university's vision is emphasized today?

<p>The role of outstanding teaching and research (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following aspects is NOT part of the uOttawa vision from 2010?

<p>Limiting community engagement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of scenarios in the software development process?

<p>To guide elicitation, analysis, design, and testing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a high urgency requirement?

<p>A requirement necessary for the next release (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used in Wiegers’ prioritization technique to determine overall priority?

<p>priority = value% / (cost% × cost weight + risk% × risk weight) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which prioritization technique uses a semi-quantitative approach based on value, cost, and risk?

<p>Wiegers’ prioritization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential limitation of Wiegers' prioritization technique?

<p>It requires accurate estimation and adaptation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'importance' dimension in prioritization scales refer to?

<p>The necessity of the product being unacceptable without it (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Volere prioritization, which tool is commonly used to score requirements?

<p>An editable Excel document (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the urgency of a requirement categorized in prioritization scales?

<p>By mission-criticality and project deadlines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between measures and metrics?

<p>Measures provide specific measurements, while metrics are general observations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of quantifying non-functional requirements?

<p>To make them measurable and understandable by stakeholders. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a performance measure?

<p>Number of events processed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When calculating system availability, which of the following formulas is used?

<p>$ ext{Availability} = rac{ ext{MTBF}}{ ext{MTBF} + ext{MTTR}} $ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which requirement demonstrates the concept of reliability as defined in the content?

<p>The precision of calculations shall be at least $1/10^6$. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the term 'latency' in the context of performance measures?

<p>The time taken to complete a defined task. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following examples relates to security measures for systems?

<p>Resistance to unauthorized usage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of system availability, which of the following is NOT a measure used?

<p>Defect rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Vision Statement

A statement that defines the ultimate goal of a project or product, outlining its purpose, benefits, and target audience.

Project Scope

A detailed description of the features, functionalities, and deliverables within a project or product.

Target Customer

The target audience for whom a product or service is designed and intended.

Statement of Need or Opportunity

The core problem or opportunity that a project or product aims to address.

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Product Category

A brief and clear description of the product's category and how it fits within a broader market.

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Key Benefit

The key benefit or compelling reason why customers would choose to use or buy the product.

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Primary Competitive Alternative

The primary competitive alternative(s) or existing solutions that your product aims to surpass.

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Statement of Primary Differentiation

Unique features, advantages, and differentiators that distinguish your product from its competitors.

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Joint Application Design (JAD)

A structured brainstorming approach developed at IBM in the 1970s, involving defined roles and structured activities. Sessions can last several days.

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Session Leader

The organizer and facilitator of a JAD session, with strong interpersonal skills.

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Analyst

Responsible for creating official JAD documents and having a comprehensive understanding of the project.

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Executive Sponsor

The manager accountable for the product, providing strategic insights and guidance.

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User Representatives

Knowledgeable end-users and managers who actively participate in the JAD session with prepared suggestions.

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Idea Generation & Voting

A technique for generating and eliminating ideas by allowing participants to assign points to ideas based on defined criteria.

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Blending Ideas

A method for eliminating ideas during brainstorming by combining or unifying similar concepts.

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Voting with Threshold

A voting approach allowing multiple votes per participant, where ideas exceeding a predetermined threshold are retained.

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Product Vision

The overall vision for a product, encompassing its intended impact and features, and evolving over time.

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Requirements

Detailed specifications that define what system will be developed to achieve business objectives. They are subject to frequent changes and updates.

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Requirements Elicitation

The process of identifying and gathering information on what is needed for a system by interacting with stakeholders.

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Project Viability - Scope

The product's purpose and the defined boundaries of the system being developed. It determines what tasks will be handled by the new system and what tasks will be performed by interacting systems.

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Vision and Scope Document

A document outlining the vision, scope, and limitations of a system for initial and subsequent releases. It includes business requirements, dependencies, risks, and the operating environment.

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Scope Constraints Document

A document that outlines the constraints that impact the project's scope and requirements. These can be technical limitations, budget restrictions, or external factors.

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Vision and Scope Document

A document outlining the vision, scope, and limitations of a system for initial and subsequent releases. It includes business requirements, dependencies, risks, and the operating environment.

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Team Composition for Requirements Engineering

Domain experts and domain ignorant individuals collaborating on a team can be beneficial in requirement engineering.

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Benefits of Questionnaires

Questionnaires can be used to gather information from multiple people, often anonymously, and can be completed asynchronously, distributed, and answered quickly.

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Question Types in Questionnaires

When designing questionnaires, it's crucial to carefully choose the types of questions, including both open-ended and closed questions, to avoid bias and ensure the validity of the information gathered.

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Likert Scale

A Likert scale with 4-6 values (excluding a neutral option) or 5-7 values (including a neutral option) is commonly used to collect attitudinal data.

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Redundant Questions in Questionnaires

Redundant questions in a questionnaire help ensure the robustness of the data collected by checking consistency and reliability.

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Statistical Significance in Questionnaires

Before conducting a survey, carefully consider if the data will be analyzed for statistical significance to ensure meaningful conclusions can be drawn.

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Brainstorming

Brainstorming is a technique for generating a large number of ideas, regardless of their quality, for innovation and in situations where there is uncertainty or limited expertise.

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Brainstorming Phases

The brainstorming process involves two phases: generating as many ideas as possible (the storm), and then refining and evaluating the ideas.

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Training Scenario

A step-by-step guide for a new user to learn how to use a system or software.

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Use Cases

A representation of interactions between users and a system. They are used to understand user needs and create functional requirements.

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Use Case Map (UCM)

A map that visually connects use cases and shows how they interact to achieve a business goal. Helps designers and developers understand overall system behavior.

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Requirements Granularity

The level of detail in requirements such as use cases or features. It influences how specific and detailed requirements are defined.

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Prioritization Scales

A technique to prioritize requirements based on urgency, importance, and impact. It uses a three-point scale for each criterion: High, Medium, Low.

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Wiegers' Prioritization

This technique prioritizes requirements by considering their value, cost, and risk. Each factor is weighted on a scale and a formula is used for overall priority.

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Volere Prioritization

A method to prioritize requirements using an editable spreadsheet. Each requirement is scored based on various factors like value, complexity, and risk.

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Market (to Minimize)

A process to minimize the marketing effort required to successfully launch a product. It involves identifying and focusing on the most critical aspects of marketing.

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Non-functional Requirement Quantification

Quantitative measures and metrics are crucial to define non-functional requirements.

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Measure

A general observation or description. Examples: 'The system is fast.', 'The website is reliable.'

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Metric

A specific measurement with a numerical value. Examples: 'The system responds in 0.5 seconds.' 'The website has a 99.9% uptime'.

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Response Time

The time it takes for a system to respond to a request, such as loading a page or processing data.

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Throughput

The rate at which a system can process a certain number of requests per unit of time. For example, how many transactions a system can handle in a second.

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Capacity

The maximum workload a system can handle without exceeding capacity limits.

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Latency

The time taken for a request or operation to be completed.

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Availability

The percentage of time a system is operational and available for use. It is calculated using MTBF and MTTR.

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Study Notes

Software Requirements

  • A requirement is a condition or capability needed by a user to solve a problem or achieve an objective.
  • Requirements are important because they serve as the foundation for system design and development, align the project with stakeholder expectations, and reduce the risk of project failure.

Types of Requirements

  • Functional Requirements: Define specific behaviors or functions of the system (what the system should do).
  • Non-Functional Requirements: Define quality attributes of the system (how the system should perform).
  • User Requirements: High-level statements of what users need from the system.
  • System Requirements: Detailed specifications of the system's functions and constraints.

Requirements Engineering Process

  • Requirements Elicitation: Gathering requirements from stakeholders.
  • Requirements Analysis: Evaluating and prioritizing requirements.
  • Requirements Specification: Documenting the requirements clearly.
  • Requirements Validation: Ensuring documented requirements reflect stakeholder needs.
  • Requirements Management: Handling changes to requirements throughout the project lifecycle.

Requirements Elicitation Techniques

  • Interviews: One-on-one discussions with stakeholders.
  • Surveys/Questionnaires: Collecting data from a larger audience.
  • Workshops: Collaborative sessions with multiple stakeholders.
  • Prototyping: Creating mock-ups of the system to visualize requirements.

Requirements Analysis Challenges

  • Ambiguity: Vague requirements can lead to misunderstandings.
  • Incomplete Requirements: Missing information can cause delays and increased costs.
  • Stakeholder Conflicts: Differing priorities among stakeholders can complicate the process.
  • Scope Creep: Uncontrolled changes in project scope can derail timelines and budgets.

Requirements Specification Document

  • Functional Requirements: Detailed descriptions of system functions.
  • Non-Functional Requirements: Quality attributes and constraints.
  • Use Cases: Scenarios describing how users will interact with the system.

Traceability in Requirements Management

  • Traceability links requirements to their sources, ensuring accountability and helping to manage changes effectively throughout the project lifecycle.
  • IEEE/EIA 12207 and IEEE 830-1998 set requirements for documents describing software requirements.
  • Annex B of IEEE 830 explains how these two sets of requirements relate to each other.
  • Compliance with both standards may be necessary for customers when they request proposals or issue calls for tenders.
  • IEEE 830-1998 Standard focuses on software requirements specifications.
  • ISO/IEC 12207 provides a framework for software life-cycle processes.
  • ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148:2011 emphasizes characteristics of good requirements, activities, and processes, operations and their context, and information items.

Software Requirements Analysis Exam Study Notes

  • Martha's difficulties in writing requirements stem from a lack of understanding, procedural knowledge, and sufficient data.
  • A good user requirement identifies the system and a desired end result measurable within a timeframe.

Standard for Writing Requirements

  • Each requirement should form a complete sentence.
  • Includes a subject (user type or system) and predicate (condition, action, or result).
  • Use verbs like "shall" (mandatory) and "may" (optional).
  • Specifies a desired end goal.
  • Contains success criteria.

Writing Pitfalls to Avoid

  • Over-specification (describing how instead of what).
  • Premature design (using technical terms).
  • Mixing requirements (different types).
  • Ambiguity (vague terms).

Software Requirements Analysis Exam Study Notes (continued)

  • Techniques for elicitation: Identifying stakeholders, analyzing existing systems, observing tasks, questionnaires, interviews, brainstorming, JAD, prototyping, and use cases.
  • Analyzing existing systems helps in understanding strengths, weaknesses, and potential enhancements.
  • Using user stories in agile processes.
  • Importance of good documentation, clear specifications, handling stakeholder disputes.
  • Prioritization techniques: Criteria determination and scale, semi-quantitative/quantitative approaches (Wieger's or Volere methodologies), pairwise comparisons.
  • Importance of Requirements Granularity: Detail level for requirements.
  • Software (RUP) best practices: Focus on working software, iterative development, collaboration, and customer feedback.
  • Agile methods like XP emphasize continuous testing and integration, close customer interaction, and incremental releases.
  • Different requirements analysis techniques: Documentation-centric approaches versus agile methods and principles.

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Software Requirements Analysis Exam Notes PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on brainstorming techniques, key roles in Joint Application Design (JAD) sessions, and effective methods for idea generation. This quiz covers various aspects of collaborative brainstorming, including tools like TWiki and strategies for evaluating ideas.

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