Brain Structure and Functions

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What is the primary purpose of converging operations in research?

To validate results through multiple methods (correct)

To define operational terms

To eliminate experimenter bias

To minimize the placebo effect

According to the modern approach, what is the relationship between the mind and the body?

The body and mind are separate entities

The mind is a result of neurological activities in the brain (correct)

The mind controls the body

The body influences the mind

What is the function of the cerebellum in the brain?

Regulation of heart rate

Control of fine motor skills (correct)

Storage of memories

Processing of visual information

What is the term for when participants in an experiment try to fit their behavior to the researcher's hypothesis?

Demand characteristics (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the medulla in the brain?

Coordination of heart rate and breathing (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of converting light into neural signals called?

Phototransduction (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are responsible for gathering information from photoreceptors and sending it via the optic nerve?

Ganglion Cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the decrease in sensitivity to a constant stimulus over time?

Sensory Adaptation (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the retina is responsible for central vision and fine detail?

Fovea (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the theory that proposes three different types of cones sensitive to different wavelengths of light?

Trichromatic color theory (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Tectum?

Control of visual processing and eye movement (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is involved in the regulation of intentional movement?

Basal Ganglia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Pons?

Acting as a bridge between the cerebellum and other parts of the brain (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Somatosensory Cortex?

Processing of sensory information from the body (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is responsible for encoding memory?

Hippocampus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the pairing of a neutral stimulus with an unconditional stimulus to elicit a conditioned response?

Classical conditioning (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the response of an organism to an unconditional stimulus?

Unconditional response (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a stimulus that does not naturally elicit a response?

Neutral stimulus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of learning involves associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditional stimulus?

Classical conditioning (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of learning through association between a neutral stimulus and an unconditional stimulus?

Classical conditioning (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main limitation of psychological research due to WEIRD societies?

It leads to biased and generalized findings across all people (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which area of psychology deals with how people interact with each other?

Social psychology (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Scientific Method in psychological research?

To minimize biases and ensure objectivity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the tendency to believe that an event was predictable or obvious after it has occurred?

Hindsight bias (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a hypothesis in the Scientific Method?

To test a theory through experimentation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for when a conditional stimulus no longer causes a response?

Extinction (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of conditioning is based on a reward/punishment system?

Operant Conditioning (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of modifying behavior through reinforcement or punishment?

Shaping (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the phenomenon where an organism responds to a stimuli that is similar to a conditioned stimulus?

Generalization (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of learning through the association between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus?

Classical Conditioning (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary contribution of the case study of Phineas Gage to the field of psychology?

Linking the frontal lobes with decision making and behavior (A) Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with founding the first psychology laboratory in Germany?

Wilhelm Wundt (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the functionalism approach in psychology?

Studying the purpose and function of mental processes and behaviors (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which approach in psychology is criticized for its focus on internal perception, which is difficult to measure objectively?

Structuralism (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the cognitive psychology approach?

Examining internal processes in a scientific and measurable way (D) Signup and view all the answers

Who is associated with the development of the functionalism approach in psychology?

William James (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between structuralism and functionalism approaches in psychology?

Focus on breaking down elements vs. studying purpose and function (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary contribution of Wilhelm Wundt to the field of psychology?

Founding the first psychology laboratory in Germany (A) Signup and view all the answers

Who is associated with the development of the structuralism approach in psychology?

Edward Titchener (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the behavioral approach in psychology?

Focusing on observable behaviors since they can be measured (D) Signup and view all the answers