Life Sciences P1 June Exam (Hard)
422 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a key advantage of external fertilization?

  • Lower chance of mortality for offspring
  • Protection of eggs from desiccation (correct)
  • Ability to reproduce without water
  • Higher likelihood of successful fertilization

    • Which type of fertilization allows for reproduction without the need for a watery environment?

  • Both types require a watery environment
  • External fertilization
  • External and internal fertilization
  • Internal fertilization (correct)

    • Why is internal fertilization more advantageous in ensuring successful fertilization?

  • It occurs in aquatic environments
  • It requires specific environmental conditions
  • It produces a larger number of offspring
  • It provides a higher likelihood of sperm meeting egg (correct)

    • Which group of animals commonly utilizes external fertilization?

    <p>Fish and amphibians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of vertebrate biology is significantly influenced by their diverse reproductive strategies?

    <p>Reproductive success</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone primarily drives the process of spermatogenesis in males?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the acrosome in a sperm cell?

    <p>Penetrating the egg's outer layers during fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell organelle in a sperm cell is responsible for providing the necessary energy for motility?

    <p>Middle portion (neck)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone regulates the cyclical events of oogenesis in females?

    <p>Follicle-stimulating hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the endometrium shed?

    <p>Menstruation phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reproductive mode provides protection to the eggs while avoiding the metabolic costs associated with true vivipary?

    <p>Ovovivipary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of precocial species in terms of offspring development?

    <p>Relatively mature and independent offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vertebrates are known for reproductive care activities like nest building, egg guarding, feeding, and teaching?

    <p>Many songbirds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the male reproductive organs known as testes?

    <p>Produce sperm cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which evolutionary advancement provides a self-contained aquatic environment for the developing embryo, protecting it from dehydration and physical harm?

    <p>Amniotic egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which male reproductive organ produces an alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acidic environment of the vagina to protect sperm?

    <p>Prostate Gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do sperm cells mature and get stored after being produced in the testes?

    <p>Epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which male reproductive organ is responsible for delivering sperm into the female reproductive tract during sexual intercourse?

    <p>Penis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which female reproductive organ connects the ovaries to the uterus and is lined with ciliated columnar epithelium that helps transport egg cells?

    <p>Fallopian Tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which male puberty phase is primarily stimulated by the hormone testosterone?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers ovulation during the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Peak levels of LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During copulation, where do sperm cells need to reach for fertilization to occur?

    <p>The fallopian tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the chorionic villi during pregnancy?

    <p>Extend into the endometrium and contribute to placenta formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of the corpus luteum if fertilization occurs?

    <p>It remains active and continues to secrete progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the development of the follicle in the ovaries?

    <p>FSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the placenta in the development of the fetus?

    <p>Exchange nutrients and waste products between the mother and the fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the formation of finger-like structures called villi?

    <p>Implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of white matter in the brain and spinal cord?

    <p>Comprising myelinated axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system regulates involuntary bodily functions?

    <p>Autonomic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of neurotransmitters at synapses?

    <p>Pass impulses between neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cerebellum?

    <p>Coordinating voluntary movements and maintaining balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is crucial for maintaining homeostasis by controlling functions like hunger, thirst, and body temperature?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of motor (efferent) neurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Transmitting impulses to muscles and glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the peripheral nervous system controls involuntary muscles like the heartbeat and digestion?

    <p>Autonomic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of interneurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Connecting sensory and motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Control involuntary actions in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for preparing the body for 'fight or flight' situations?

    <p>Sympathetic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of interneurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Link sensory neurons to motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a neuron covers the axon, speeds up impulse transmission, and provides insulation?

    <p>Myelin Sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference in function between sensory (afferent) neurons and motor (efferent) neurons?

    <p>Sensory neurons transmit impulses towards the central nervous system, while motor neurons transmit impulses away from it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mode of reproduction enhances the survival rate of offspring by providing a controlled environment for development and reducing the risk of predation and environmental hazards?

    <p>Vivipary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which developmental strategy involves producing relatively mature and independent offspring that are born with their eyes open, covered in down or fur, and can stand, walk, or swim shortly after birth?

    <p>Precocial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which evolutionary advancement provides a self-contained aquatic environment for the developing embryo, protecting it from dehydration and physical harm?

    <p>Amniotic Egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reproductive strategy allows for the production of a large number of offspring, increasing survival chances under high mortality rates?

    <p>External fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which male reproductive organ is primarily responsible for producing sperm cells and the hormone testosterone?

    <p>Testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant advantage of internal fertilization compared to external fertilization in vertebrates?

    <p>Greater protection of eggs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key requirement for successful external fertilization in vertebrates?

    <p>Watery environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of vertebrate biology is greatly influenced by the diversity of reproductive strategies among vertebrates?

    <p>Reproductive Success</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evolutionary advantage does internal fertilization provide to terrestrial animals?

    <p>Independence from specific environmental conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can external fertilization be a risky strategy for vertebrates in certain environments?

    <p>Increased vulnerability to predators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Cowper's Gland (Bulbourethral Gland) in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Lubricating the urethra for sperm to pass through</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Fallopian Tubes in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Transporting egg cells from ovary to uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which female reproductive organ serves as the birth canal and the passage for menstrual blood?

    <p>Vagina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Seminal Vesicles in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Providing energy for sperm cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the hormone testosterone primarily influence male puberty?

    <p>Developing male secondary sexual characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary driver of female puberty and the subsequent growth of female sex organs?

    <p>Oestrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone primarily stimulates the development of male gametes within the testes?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During oogenesis, what process leads to the formation of four haploid cells, with only one surviving to become a mature ovum?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a sperm cell primarily supplies the energy required for its motility?

    <p>Middle portion (neck)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the sex determination of offspring through the gametes produced during spermatogenesis?

    <p>Whether the gamete carries an X or a Y chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the autonomic and somatic nervous systems?

    <p>The autonomic system controls involuntary functions, while the somatic system controls voluntary functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures are formed from the outer membrane of the embryo after implantation?

    <p>Chorion and villi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of synapses in the nervous system?

    <p>Facilitate transmission of impulses between neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of grey matter in the nervous system?

    <p>Contain cell bodies and dendrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During what stage does the zygote develop into a blastocyst?

    <p>Implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process where the Graafian follicle transforms into the corpus luteum and secretes progesterone?

    <p>Luteal Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone peaks around day 14, triggering ovulation and the formation of the corpus luteum?

    <p>LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the solid ball of cells formed through continuous mitotic division of the zygote?

    <p>Morula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the blastocyst secretes enzymes that aid in the implantation process?

    <p>Chorion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed from the chorion to contribute to placenta formation during pregnancy?

    <p>Villi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating all voluntary movements and maintaining balance and muscle tension?

    <p>Medulla Oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of interneurons in the central nervous system?

    <p>Connecting sensory and motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for controlling voluntary muscles to react to changes in the external environment?

    <p>Somatic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Corpus Callosum in the brain?

    <p>Facilitates communication between the left and right hemispheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the central nervous system is responsible for interpreting sensations from sense organs?

    <p>Cerebrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for restoring the body to a normal state after an emergency has passed?

    <p>Parasympathetic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the neuron is responsible for carrying impulses towards the central nervous system?

    <p>Dendrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of adrenaline in the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Widen bronchioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situation would the autonomic nervous system be most active?

    <p>During a stressful job interview</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuron is primarily responsible for linking sensory neurons to motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord?

    <p>Interneurons (Connectors)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant advantage of internal fertilization over external fertilization?

    <p>It ensures successful fertilization by increasing the likelihood of sperm meeting egg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes a limitation of external fertilization?

    <p>It requires specific environmental conditions, like water, for fertilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can external fertilization be a risky strategy for vertebrates in certain environments?

    <p>It exposes eggs to desiccation and predation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evolutionary advantage does internal fertilization provide to terrestrial animals?

    <p>Higher likelihood of sperm meeting egg in the female's body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does internal fertilization contribute to reproductive success in terrestrial animals?

    <p>By ensuring a higher likelihood of sperm reaching the egg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evolutionary advantage does ovipary provide to parents compared to vivipary?

    <p>Spreading the risk of predation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does vivipary differ from ovovivipary in terms of nutrition for the developing young?

    <p>Young receive nutrition from the egg yolk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary hormone driving female puberty and the growth of female sex organs?

    <p>Oestrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference in offspring development between precocial and altricial species?

    <p>Precocial offspring require extensive parental care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature of amniotic eggs contributes significantly to allowing reptiles, birds, and certain mammals to reproduce away from water bodies?

    <p>Multiple membranes providing protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily responsible for initiating spermatogenesis in males?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the development of a mature Graafian follicle occur in the ovaries?

    <p>Follicular Phase (Days 8-13)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the acrosome in a sperm cell?

    <p>Contain enzymes for penetrating the egg's layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which male reproductive organ is responsible for producing alkaline fluid to neutralize the acidic vaginal environment and protect sperm?

    <p>Prostate Gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which male reproductive organ is responsible for releasing a mucus-like fluid that lubricates the urethra before ejaculation?

    <p>Seminal Vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the male reproductive system, which gland produces an alkaline fluid that contributes to the neutralization of the acidic vaginal environment?

    <p>Prostate Gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the tail of a sperm cell primarily derive its energy from?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which female reproductive organ is responsible for stretching and opening to allow a baby through during childbirth?

    <p>Cervix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In female reproduction, what is the primary function of the Fallopian Tubes?

    <p>Transport egg cells to the uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific process where the Graafian follicle bursts to release an egg cell?

    <p>Ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily responsible for thickening the endometrium in preparation for potential embryo implantation?

    <p>Oestrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the corpus luteum stop producing progesterone if fertilization does not occur?

    <p>Luteal Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the chorion in the development of the blastocyst?

    <p>Forms extra-embryonic membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones prevents menstruation and supports pregnancy post-ovulation?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct term for the solid ball of cells formed through continuous mitotic division of the zygote?

    <p>Morula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system consists of cell bodies and dendrites?

    <p>Grey Matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the fluid-filled sac surrounding the embryo?

    <p>Amnion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system in the human body regulates involuntary bodily functions?

    <p>Sympathetic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the chorion in embryonic development?

    <p>Form finger-like structures called villi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for maintaining the body's homeostasis by controlling functions like hunger, thirst, sleep, and body temperature?

    <p>Medulla Oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is responsible for transmitting impulses from the sense organs to the brain and spinal cord?

    <p>Sensory Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Hypothalamus in the brain?

    <p>Maintaining body's homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the Corpus Callosum in the brain?

    <p>Connecting left and right brain hemispheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system controls involuntary muscles like the heartbeat and digestion?

    <p>Autonomic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for increasing peristalsis and causing relaxation of the bladder wall?

    <p>Parasympathetic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the nervous system, which type of neuron has the structure that allows it to carry impulses towards the central nervous system?

    <p>Sensory (Afferent) Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which female reproductive organ is lined with ciliated columnar epithelium and helps transport egg cells?

    <p>Fallopian Tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone, crucially linked to the autonomic nervous system, plays a key role in preparing the body for 'fight or flight' situations?

    <p>Adrenaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the myelin sheath in a neuron?

    <p>Insulation and speeding up the transmission of electrical impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of ovipary in reproduction?

    <p>It allows parents to produce many offspring simultaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which developmental strategy aims to reduce the burden of extensive parental care?

    <p>Precocial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant advantage of vivipary over ovipary in reproduction?

    <p>Higher survival rate of offspring by avoiding excessive predation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of vertebrate reproduction, what feature of the amniotic egg allows for reproduction away from water bodies?

    <p>Equipped with a shell and several membranes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does altricial offspring development differ from precocial development in terms of parental care?

    <p>Precocial offspring need more parental care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which male reproductive organ is responsible for maintaining the sperm at a temperature slightly lower than the body's core temperature, ideal for sperm production?

    <p>Epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Cowper’s Gland (Bulbourethral Gland) in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Lubricates the urethra for sperm passage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the Vas Deferens transport sperm from and to within the male reproductive system?

    <p>From the epididymis to the urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Fallopian Tubes in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Transports egg cells from the ovaries to the uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which female reproductive organ is responsible for producing egg cells and secreting hormones like progesterone and estrogen?

    <p>Ovaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential disadvantage of external fertilization for vertebrates?

    <p>Vulnerability to environmental conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can internal fertilization be considered a more complex reproductive strategy compared to external fertilization?

    <p>Requirement for specialized reproductive structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes significantly to the effectiveness of internal fertilization in vertebrates?

    <p>Protection from environmental hazards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key advantage does external fertilization offer to vertebrates in terms of reproductive success?

    <p>Increased offspring survival rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does the diversity of reproductive strategies contribute to the adaptive responses of vertebrates?

    <p>Enabling occupation of different environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary hormone driving male puberty and the growth of male sex organs?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During spermatogenesis, what is the function of the mitochondria in a sperm cell?

    <p>Supplying energy for motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis?

    <p>Number of functional gametes produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone regulates the enlargement and meiotic division of a follicle during oogenesis?

    <p>Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the acrosome in a sperm cell?

    <p>Enzymes for penetrating the egg's outer layers during fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers ovulation on approximately day 14 of the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Increased LH levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the Graafian follicle transform into the corpus luteum?

    <p>Luteal phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the corpus luteum during a menstrual cycle?

    <p>Produce progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone prevents menstruation and supports pregnancy post-fertilization?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the amnion and chorion in embryonic development?

    <p>Contribute to placenta formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process that occurs on day 14 of the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system is responsible for coordinating involuntary bodily functions?

    <p>Sympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the placenta during pregnancy?

    <p>Connects to the embryo via the umbilical cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the neuron speeds up impulse transmission and provides insulation?

    <p>Myelin sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the central nervous system?

    <p>Transmitting impulses throughout the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Maintaining homeostasis by regulating involuntary bodily functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the neuron is responsible for carrying impulses towards the central nervous system?

    <p>Dendrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference in function between sensory (afferent) neurons and motor (efferent) neurons?

    <p>Sensory neurons carry impulses away from the central nervous system, while motor neurons carry impulses towards it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is primarily linked with the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Adrenaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the connection between neurons occur to enable the transmission of signals?

    <p>Synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for interpreting sensations from sense organs and enabling the perception of sight, sound, and touch?

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of interneurons in the central nervous system?

    <p>Coordinate all voluntary movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the nervous system, what is the primary function of the spinal cord?

    <p>Facilitates communication between left and right brain hemispheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the central nervous system ensures both hemispheres of the brain can work together efficiently?

    <p>Motor (Efferent) Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the somatic nervous system within the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>Coordinate all body movements and muscle tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does external fertilization require specific environmental conditions?

    <p>To facilitate the fertilization process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy allows terrestrial animals to reproduce without the need for a watery environment?

    <p>Internal Fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of internal fertilization over external fertilization?

    <p>Sperm meeting egg is more likely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does internal fertilization contribute to reproductive success in terrestrial animals?

    <p>By ensuring a controlled environment for development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does internal fertilization provide a higher likelihood of successful fertilization compared to external fertilization?

    <p>Due to the controlled and internal nature of the process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During spermatogenesis, what is the primary function of the acrosome in a sperm cell?

    <p>Contain enzymes for penetrating the egg's outer layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In females, what is the primary role of the jelly layer surrounding an egg cell?

    <p>Safeguard the egg during early development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones regulates the menstrual cycle by stimulating follicle development?

    <p>Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In vertebrates, what evolutionary advantage does ovovivipary offer compared to ovipary and vivipary?

    <p>Avoids the metabolic costs associated with true vivipary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Graafian follicle during the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Develop into a mature ovum for ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reproductive strategy enhances the survival rates of offspring by producing relatively mature and independent young?

    <p>Precocial development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the role of mitochondria in a sperm cell?

    <p>Provide energy for swimming through fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of the amniotic egg's evolutionary significance for terrestrial vertebrates?

    <p>Provides a controlled environment for embryo development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the function of the male reproductive organs known as testes?

    <p>Produce sperm cells and the hormone testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is parental care linked to the reproductive strategy and developmental mode in vertebrates?

    <p>Parental care directly influences the reproductive success of parents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event marks the end of the luteal phase in the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for thickening the endometrium in the uterus post-ovulation?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the amniotic fluid during fetal development?

    <p>To protect the fetus from physical harm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During copulation, where are sperm cells released close to in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Cervix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the nervous system is responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions?

    <p>Sympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the blastocyst embeds itself into the endometrium during implantation?

    <p>Chorionic villi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the chorion in fetal development?

    <p>To aid in the formation of the placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process occurs if fertilization does not take place during days 23-28 of the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Breakdown of the endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process occurs after implantation during fetal development?

    <p>Development of the umbilical cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of synapses in the nervous system?

    <p>Pass impulses between neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the seminal vesicles in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Produce a nutrient-rich fluid for sperm energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the female reproductive system is responsible for transporting egg cells from the ovary to the uterus?

    <p>Fallopian Tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the vas deferens (sperm duct) in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Transport sperm from the testes to the urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland in the male reproductive system produces a mucus-like fluid to lubricate the urethra?

    <p>Cowper's Gland (Bulbourethral Gland)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the epididymis in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Mature and store sperm cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Responding to internal and external stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nervous system branch is responsible for preparing the body for 'fight or flight' situations?

    <p>Sympathetic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of interneurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Link sensory neurons to motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a neuron carries impulses away from the cell body?

    <p>Axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of myelin sheath in a neuron?

    <p>Speed up transmission of electrical impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the medulla oblongata in the central nervous system?

    <p>Regulating involuntary functions like heartbeat and breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for memory, reasoning, and intelligence?

    <p>Cerebrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of sensory (afferent) neurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Detect stimuli and transmit impulses to the spinal cord and brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the corpus callosum in the brain?

    <p>Facilitating communication between left and right brain hemispheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons are responsible for transmitting impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands?

    <p>Motor (Efferent) Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which male reproductive organ is responsible for neutralizing the acidic environment of the vagina to protect sperm and enhance their viability?

    <p>Seminal Vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Cowper's Gland (Bulbourethral Gland) in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Lubricate the urethra for sperm to pass through</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does sperm maturation and storage primarily occur after being produced in the testes?

    <p>Epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the female reproductive system serves as the site of implantation and placenta formation?

    <p>Endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Fallopian Tubes in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Transports egg cells from ovary to uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the corpus luteum during the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Producing progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily responsible for thickening the endometrium in preparation for embryo implantation?

    <p>Oestrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the Graafian follicle transform into the corpus luteum?

    <p>Ovulation Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of an egg cell from the Graafian follicle?

    <p>Rise in Luteinizing Hormone (LH) levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure plays a key role in secreting enzymes that aid in the embedding process of the blastocyst into the endometrium?

    <p>Chorionic Villi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During spermatogenesis, what drives the division of diploid germinal epithelial cells to generate haploid sperm cells?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In oogenesis, what is the main role of FSH during follicle development?

    <p>Promoting enlargement of the follicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the acrosome in a sperm cell?

    <p>Enzyme release for egg penetration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell division leads to the production of haploid spermatids in males?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the corpus luteum in the menstrual cycle if fertilization occurs?

    <p>It produces progesterone to maintain uterine lining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage does external fertilization offer in terms of offspring production?

    <p>High number of offspring to increase survival chances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does internal fertilization provide a higher likelihood of successful fertilization compared to external fertilization?

    <p>Allows reproduction without the need for water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does external fertilization pose a challenge compared to internal fertilization?

    <p>Requires specific environmental conditions like water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature allows internal fertilization to occur without the need for a watery environment?

    <p>Fertilization occurring inside the female's body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does internal fertilization contribute to the adaptive responses of terrestrial animals?

    <p>Supports the production of a controlled environment for offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key advantage of ovipary in terms of reproductive success?

    <p>It allows parents to produce many offspring simultaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the altricial developmental strategy differ from the precocial strategy?

    <p>The altricial strategy results in potentially higher brain mass and more complex behaviors in adulthood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evolutionary advantage does the amniotic egg provide for terrestrial vertebrates?

    <p>It allows reproduction away from water bodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes parental care among vertebrates?

    <p>Parental care is directly linked to the reproductive strategy and developmental mode of the offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinctive feature of ovovivipary compared to ovipary and vivipary?

    <p>Eggs are retained within the mother's body until they are ready to hatch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process where the embryo embeds itself into the endometrium?

    <p>Implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fluid-filled sac surrounds the embryo during development?

    <p>Amniotic Fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system is responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions like heart rate and digestion?

    <p>Parasympathetic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for maintaining balance and muscle tension, ensuring smooth, coordinated body movements?

    <p>Medulla Oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of grey matter in the brain and spinal cord?

    <p>Covering Cell Bodies and Dendrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marks the end of the luteal phase in the menstrual cycle if fertilization does not occur?

    <p>Degradation of Corpus Luteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of interneurons in the central nervous system?

    <p>Connecting sensory and motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system is responsible for controlling involuntary muscles, managing functions not under conscious control like heartbeat and digestion?

    <p>Autonomic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the cerebrum in the brain?

    <p>Interpreting sensations from sense organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons detect stimuli and transmit impulses from sense organs to the spinal cord and brain?

    <p>(Afferent) Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the myelin sheath in a neuron?

    <p>To provide insulation and speed up the transmission of electrical impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for decreasing heart rate?

    <p>Parasympathetic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the dendrites in a neuron?

    <p>To receive signals from other neurons and transmit them towards the cell body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuron responds to stimuli by transmitting impulses from the brain and spinal cord to effectors?

    <p>Motor (Efferent) Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of adrenaline in the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Widen bronchioles and dilate pupils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential evolutionary disadvantage of internal fertilization for terrestrial animals?

    <p>Increased parental care responsibilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is external fertilization advantageous in terms of maximizing offspring survival under high mortality conditions?

    <p>Increased chances of fertilization in a water environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does internal fertilization contribute to reproductive success in vertebrates beyond just increasing the likelihood of sperm meeting egg?

    <p>Protection of eggs from desiccation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant limitation of external fertilization for vertebrates in certain ecological niches?

    <p>Dependency on specific environmental conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does internal fertilization provide a reproductive advantage that external fertilization might lack?

    <p>Increased control over timing and location of fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant advantage of the ovoviviparous reproductive strategy over vivipary?

    <p>Reducing metabolic costs associated with development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary driver of male gamete (sperm cell) production within the male reproductive organs?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the altricial developmental strategy benefit offspring compared to the precocial strategy?

    <p>Higher brain mass and more complex behaviors in adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in a sperm cell primarily contains enzymes essential for penetrating the egg during fertilization?

    <p>Head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key function of the amniotic egg in terrestrial vertebrates?

    <p>Enhancing the survival rate of offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of oogenesis does the diploid germinal epithelium undergo mitosis to form multiple follicles?

    <p>Follicular phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In vertebrates, which type of species typically undergoes precocial development?

    <p>Birds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone regulates the cyclical events of oogenesis in females?

    <p>Follicle-stimulating hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes ovipary from vivipary in terms of offspring development?

    <p>Fully developed miniature adults at birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which male reproductive organ is responsible for producing a nutrient-rich fluid that provides energy for sperm cells?

    <p>Seminal Vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the corpus luteum during the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Production of progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the male reproductive system, which gland produces an alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acidic environment of the vagina?

    <p>Prostate Gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are sperm cells stored after maturation in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Cowper's Gland (Bulbourethral Gland) in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Neutralize acidic urine in the urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which male reproductive organ is responsible for delivering sperm into the female reproductive tract during sexual intercourse?

    <p>Penis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the corpus luteum in the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Producing progesterone to prepare the endometrium for potential embryo implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During what stage of the menstrual cycle does the Graafian follicle release an egg cell?

    <p>Day 8-14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone peaks around Day 14 of the menstrual cycle, triggering ovulation?

    <p>LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the chorionic villi in early pregnancy?

    <p>Contributing to placenta formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the zygote develop post-fertilization?

    <p>Developing into a morula before transforming into a blastocyst in the uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a Graafian follicle and a blastocyst?

    <p>The Graafian follicle contains the egg cell while the blastocyst is a structure formed after fertilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the umbilical cord in the development of the fetus?

    <p>It carries oxygenated blood from the embryo to the placenta.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do chorion villi play in fetal development?

    <p>They assist in delivering nutrients from the mother to the fetus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the autonomic nervous system differ from the somatic nervous system?

    <p>The autonomic system is further divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, unlike the somatic system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of grey matter in the brain and spinal cord?

    <p>To process information by containing cell bodies and dendrites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of interneurons in the central nervous system?

    <p>Connecting sensory and motor neurons for interpretation and motor output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the cerebellum in the brain?

    <p>Coordinating voluntary movements and maintaining balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the neuron is primarily responsible for transmitting impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands?

    <p>Axon terminals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in the brain?

    <p>Maintaining body's homeostasis through autonomic functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure ensures efficient communication between the left and right hemispheres of the brain?

    <p>Corpus Callosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for decreasing heart rate?

    <p>Parasympathetic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neuron carries impulses away from the cell body towards effectors like muscles and glands?

    <p>Motor (Efferent) Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a neuron speeds up the transmission of electrical impulses and provides insulation?

    <p>Axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Interneurons (Connectors) in the nervous system?

    <p>Link sensory neurons to motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuron senses stimuli and transmits impulses from sense organs to the spinal cord and brain?

    <p>Sensory (Afferent) Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of ovovivipary compared to vivipary?

    <p>Reduced metabolic costs associated with reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mode of reproduction is most effective in spreading the risk of individual predation?

    <p>Ovipary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant difference between precocial and altricial species in terms of offspring development?

    <p>Altricial offspring can stand and walk shortly after birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which evolutionary advancement enables certain vertebrates to reproduce away from water bodies?

    <p>Amniotic Egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does parental care directly influence the reproductive success of vertebrates?

    <p>By reducing the chances of predation on young</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process where the embryo embeds itself into the endometrium?

    <p>Implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the central nervous system acts as the primary control center for processing and transmitting information throughout the body?

    <p>Brain and Spinal Cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Cowper's Gland in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Neutralization of acidic urine in the urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the chorion villi in fetal development?

    <p>Growing into uterine tissue to form the placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure plays a crucial role in protecting sperm from the acidic environment of the vagina in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Cervix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by the development of a mature Graafian follicle in the ovaries?

    <p>Follicular Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the male reproductive system, what is the primary function of the Seminal Vesicles?

    <p>Providing energy-rich fluid for sperm mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of neurotransmitters at synapses in the nervous system?

    <p>Transmitting impulses between neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which male reproductive organ is responsible for transporting sperm from the epididymis to the urethra?

    <p>Vas Deferens (Sperm Duct)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Epididymis in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Maturation and storage of sperm cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential disadvantage for aquatic animals utilizing external fertilization?

    <p>Increased risk of desiccation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does internal fertilization in terrestrial animals contribute to reproductive success?

    <p>Provides a higher likelihood of fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ecological niche is external fertilization particularly suited for?

    <p>Freshwater habitats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is internal fertilization considered an adaptive response for terrestrial animals?

    <p>Facilitates reproduction away from water bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of external fertilization poses a challenge for vertebrates in certain environments?

    <p>Requirement for specific environmental conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in the brain?

    <p>Acting as a control center for autonomic functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system coordinates reflexes independently from the brain?

    <p>Medulla Oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the corpus callosum in brain function?

    <p>Facilitating communication between the two brain hemispheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons detect stimuli and transmit impulses from sense organs to the spinal cord and brain?

    <p>Sensory (Afferent) Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the corpus luteum in the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Supporting pregnancy through progesterone secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the spinal cord in the central nervous system?

    <p>Acting as the main pathway for information between the brain and peripheral nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the corpus luteum shrink and stop producing progesterone if fertilization does not occur?

    <p>Luteal Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of LH in the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Inducing ovulation and forming corpus luteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the endometrium change if fertilization occurs in the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Decidualization of the endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the sympathetic nervous system prepare the body for emergency situations?

    <p>By constricting blood vessels in the skin and increasing blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the endometrium if fertilization does not occur in the menstrual cycle?

    <p>The endometrial lining sheds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Decreases heart rate and narrows bronchioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of adrenaline in 'fight or flight' situations?

    <p>Increases blood pressure and widens bronchioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system works antagonistically to ensure internal balance?

    <p>Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of interneurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Process information and link sensory to motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis?

    <p>Spermatogenesis results in the production of four haploid cells, while oogenesis results in one mature ovum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the composition of a sperm cell differ from an ovum?

    <p>A sperm cell has 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome, while an ovum has 23 autosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating the menstrual cycle in females?

    <p>Estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the acrosome in a sperm cell during fertilization?

    <p>It carries enzymes essential for penetrating the egg's outer layers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the ovarian cycle does the lining of the uterus break down and shed?

    <p>Menstruation phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Eustachian tube in the human ear?

    <p>Equalizing pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures in the inner ear are part of the bony labyrinth and filled with perilymph?

    <p>Semi-circular canals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the organ of Corti in the human ear?

    <p>Converting sound into nerve impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of middle ear infections in humans?

    <p>Pathogens entering through the Eustachian tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are pressure waves generated in the cochlea's endolymph?

    <p>By movement of the oval window</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a treatment option for deafness that involves converting sound vibrations into electrical impulses?

    <p>Cochlear implants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cristae play a role in maintaining balance in humans?

    <p>Detecting changes in body speed and direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a reflex action?

    <p>To ensure a quick automatic reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Alzheimer's disease, what is a characteristic symptom caused by progressive brain cell death?

    <p>Memory loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in multiple sclerosis (MS) due to the body's immune system attacking neurons' myelin sheath?

    <p>Impaired neuronal function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of effectors in the nervous system?

    <p>Responding to nerve impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the nervous system controls voluntary actions?

    <p>Somatic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of receptors in the body's response to stimuli?

    <p>Detecting changes in the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in a reflex arc is responsible for converting a stimulus into an impulse?

    <p>Receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the interneuron in a reflex arc?

    <p>Carries the impulse from sensory neuron to motor neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a reflex action, which component is responsible for producing the response?

    <p>Effector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sequence of transmission of impulses in a reflex arc?

    <p>Receptor → Sensory Neuron → Motor Neuron → Effector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a reflex arc is responsible for transmitting the impulse from the spinal cord to the effectors?

    <p>Motor Neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens immediately after the impulse reaches the effector in a reflex action?

    <p>Effector produces a response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure functions as a signaling gateway between the sensory and motor components of a reflex arc?

    <p>Interneuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the sensory neuron play in a reflex arc?

    <p>Receives stimuli from receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a reflex arc, what is the primary function of the effector?

    <p>Produces responses to stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes an interneuron from other components of the reflex arc?

    <p>Located between sensory and motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the choroid in the human eye?

    <p>To absorb light, prevent reflection, and supply nutrients to the retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ciliary muscles in the human eye?

    <p>To adjust the tension on the suspensory ligaments for lens accommodation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of binocular vision in humans?

    <p>To judge distance, depth, and object size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the human ear is responsible for directing sound waves into the auditory canal?

    <p>Pinna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the tympanic membrane (eardrum) in the human ear?

    <p>To transmit sound waves to the inner ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the human eye adjust to focus on near objects?

    <p>By contracting the ciliary muscles and increasing light refraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the human eye are cones primarily found?

    <p>Retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common visual defect that can be corrected by wearing glasses with specially shaped lenses?

    <p>Astigmatism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fluid maintains the shape of the cornea and assists in light refraction between the cornea and lens in the human eye?

    <p>Aqueous Humour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the optic nerve in relation to vision?

    <p>Transmitting impulses from rods and cones to the brain for image interpretation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the interneuron in a reflex arc?

    <p>Carries the impulse from the sensory neuron to the motor neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the reflex arc is responsible for producing the response to a stimulus?

    <p>Motor Neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a reflex action, which structure receives a stimulus and converts it into an impulse?

    <p>Receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the effector in a reflex arc?

    <p>Produces the response to the stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in a reflex arc carries the impulse from the sensory neuron to the motor neuron?

    <p>Interneuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct sequence of components in a reflex arc from receiving a stimulus to producing a response?

    <p>Receptor → Sensory Neuron → Interneuron → Motor Neuron → Effector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure of a reflex arc carries the impulse from the spinal cord to effectors?

    <p>Motor Neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the sensory neuron in a reflex arc?

    <p>Carries the impulse from receptor to spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does the effector play in a reflex arc?

    <p>Produces response to stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a reflex arc is located in the spinal cord?

    <p>Interneuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Eustachian tube in the human ear?

    <p>Equalizing pressure between the middle ear and throat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the human ear contains the organ of Corti?

    <p>Cochlea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the ossicles in the human ear?

    <p>Amplifying and transmitting vibrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the ear is crucial for detecting changes in body speed and head position?

    <p>Vestibule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the human ear, what is the purpose of the semi-circular canals?

    <p>Maintaining balance and detecting changes in speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the oval window of the ear moves?

    <p>Generates pressure waves in the cochlea's endolymph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cochlear implants aid individuals with hearing impairments?

    <p>By converting sound vibrations into electrical impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the human ear detects changes in position relative to gravity?

    <p>Vestibule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What purpose do the little hairs and wax serve in the ear?

    <p>Preventing foreign bodies from entering the ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are pressure waves generated in the cochlea?

    <p>Movement of the oval window</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ciliary muscles in the human eye?

    <p>To change the lens's shape for focusing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which visual defect is caused by an uneven curvature of the cornea or lens?

    <p>Astigmatism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the radial muscles in the pupillary mechanism of the human eye?

    <p>To relax in bright light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the human eye plays a minor role in light refraction?

    <p>Vitreous Humour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the choroid in the human eye?

    <p>To absorb light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the human ear are sound waves directed into the auditory canal?

    <p>Pinna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the auditory canal in the human ear?

    <p>To transmit sound waves to the tympanic membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which section of the human ear is responsible for maintaining balance and equilibrium?

    <p>Inner Ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary significance of a reflex action?

    <p>To ensure immediate response to avoid or mitigate danger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of synapses in the reflex arc?

    <p>To direct the nerve impulse through the correct pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Alzheimer's disease considered irreversible?

    <p>As a result of progressive brain cell death over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes multiple sclerosis (MS) from Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>MS involves the immune system attacking neurons' myelin sheath, while Alzheimer's affects brain cell death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the eye detects light for vision?

    <p>Rods and cones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of neurons in the nervous system?

    <p>To transmit nerve impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do effectors respond to impulses from the nervous system?

    <p>By secreting hormones or other substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinctive feature of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

    <p>It is divided into autonomic and somatic systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a reflex arc allows for quick responses without involving the brain?

    <p>Interneurons in the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the interneuron in a reflex arc?

    <p>Located in the spinal cord and carries impulse between sensory and motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a reflex arc converts a stimulus into an impulse?

    <p>Receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific sequence of impulse transmission in a reflex arc?

    <p>Receptor → Sensory Neuron → Interneuron → Motor Neuron → Effector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of response does a reflex action produce?

    <p>Rapid and automatic response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the eye is involved in dilation and constriction of the pupil in a reflex action?

    <p>Pupil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the reflex arc take place when a person quickly withdraws their hand from a hot surface?

    <p>Spinal Cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary significance of a reflex action?

    <p>To provide a quick response to avoid danger without conscious thought</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of effectors in the nervous system?

    <p>To respond to impulses sent by the nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Alzheimer's disease, what is a significant characteristic of brain cell death?

    <p>Progressive loss of brain cells leading to memory problems and confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do synapses play in the reflex arc?

    <p>Ensuring the speed and efficiency of the response by guiding nerve impulses correctly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does multiple sclerosis (MS) affect neurons?

    <p>Impairing neuron function by attacking the myelin sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of receptors in the body's response to stimuli?

    <p>Converting stimuli into electrical signals called nerve impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do photoreceptors in the eye contribute to sensory perception?

    <p>Detecting light and color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ciliary muscles in the human eye?

    <p>Altering the lens shape for accommodation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the human eye contains blood vessels and pigments that absorb light?

    <p>Ciliary Body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What change occurs in the lens of the human eye when viewing objects closer than 6 meters?

    <p>It becomes more convex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the human ear is responsible for directing sound waves into the auditory canal?

    <p>Pinna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the vitreous humour in the human eye?

    <p>Maintaining the eyeball's shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which visual defect results in difficulty seeing close objects clearly?

    <p>Long-sightedness (Hyperopia)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the optic nerve in the human eye?

    <p>Transmitting impulses from the retina to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the human eye plays a minor role in light refraction?

    <p>Yellow Spot (Macula)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure in the human ear is responsible for transmitting sound waves to the tympanic membrane?

    <p>Auditory Canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of binocular vision allows for judging distance, depth, and object size?

    <p>Stereoscopic Vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the ossicles contribute to the functioning of the human ear?

    <p>Amplify sound vibrations and transmit them to the oval window</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the organ of Corti in the human ear?

    <p>Convert sound into nerve impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are balance and equilibrium maintained in the human body?

    <p>Detecting changes in head position relative to gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the human ear is responsible for equalizing pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane?

    <p>Eustachian tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to a middle ear infection and inflammation?

    <p>Pathogens entering through the Eustachian tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cochlear implants differ from hearing aids in treating deafness?

    <p>Convert sound vibrations into electrical impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the semi-circular canals in maintaining balance?

    <p>Detect changes in body's speed and direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the tympanic membrane?

    <p>Trap sound waves and direct them into the auditory canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the human ear is responsible for generating pressure waves in the cochlea's endolymph?

    <p>Oval window</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of inserting grommets (draining tubes) into the tympanic membrane during middle ear infections?

    <p>Drain fluid buildup and reduce inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser