Brain Injury Mechanical Factors Quiz

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What term was vividly used by Marshall and associates (1983) to describe patients who have a late deterioration due to the expansion of a subdural hematoma or brain edema?

Speak and improve

Talk and die (correct)

Chat and heal

Talk and recover

What may lead one to wrongly conclude that there was no concussion or brain injury in patients who had a lucid interval following the initial loss of consciousness?

Presence of headache

Absence of initial loss of consciousness

Development of weakness

Short duration of initial loss of consciousness (correct)

What does the presence of substantial midline shift on the initial CT scan in patients with a lucid interval indicate?

Absence of brain edema

Contusion and brain edema (correct)

Early recovery

Delayed hemorrhage

Which condition is discussed as a feature of a more severe initial head injury that usually results in coma from the onset?

Delayed intracerebral hematoma Signup and view all the answers

In patients experiencing delayed deterioration, what should be considered, especially if there is respiratory failure?

Cerebral fat embolism Signup and view all the answers

'Spät apoplexie' refers to which condition discussed as a feature of a more severe initial head injury that results in immediate coma?

Delayed intracerebral hematoma Signup and view all the answers

What type of patients are said to be in urgent need of surgical treatment due to potential traumatic hemorrhage or brain injury?

'Talk and die' patients Signup and view all the answers

'Delayed deterioration' in patients with 'talk and die' symptoms is often attributed to which factor?

$15$ minutes of lucid interval Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern with CT scanning in the emergency department according to the text?

Normal CT scans Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about minor head injuries according to the text?

May lead to mild focal edema near the point of impact Signup and view all the answers

What symptoms are most common in children minutes or hours after a concussive head injury?

Drowsiness, headache, confusion Signup and view all the answers

How do Nee and colleagues relate vomiting to head injuries?

Vomiting increases the risk of skull fractures Signup and view all the answers

What do the New Orleans and Canadian CT rules consider as a factor associated with intracranial bleeding?

Vomiting Signup and view all the answers

What do Ropper and Gorson address in their review according to the text?

CT scan guidelines Signup and view all the answers

What indicates the presence of an intracranial hemorrhage in children according to the text?

Vomiting, drowsiness, and headache Signup and view all the answers

What leads to an increase in the incidence of skull fracture according to the text?

'Seemingly trivial' head injuries Signup and view all the answers

What type of skull fracture poses a risk for arterial bleeding and epidural hemorrhage?

Fracture through the squamous bone Signup and view all the answers

What are some arbitrary criteria for advising a CT scan in cases of head injury?

Objective neurologic signs Signup and view all the answers

Why might a CT scan be particularly important in elderly patients with minor head trauma?

To predict intracranial lesions Signup and view all the answers

When is it advisable to perform CT scans more liberally in children?

When they have skull fractures Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a criterion for advising a CT scan in cases of head injury?

Fever Signup and view all the answers

In children, what type of fractures are specifically mentioned as increasing the odds but being a relatively poor indicator of intracranial injury?

Skull fractures Signup and view all the answers

What condition might not be predicted by clinical signs in elderly patients with minor head trauma according to the text?

Subdural hematoma Signup and view all the answers

What ancillary studies are currently being focused on for cost-effective use according to the text?

Cranial CT Signup and view all the answers

What are the mechanical factors of importance in brain injury according to the text?

Striking of the brain on dural septa and bony prominences Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of most civilian head injuries according to the text?

Deceleration of the cranium Signup and view all the answers

What type of force usually causes concussions according to the text?

Force that imparts motion to the stationary head Signup and view all the answers

Why do concussions usually occur according to the text?

Due to sudden deceleration or acceleration of the cranium Signup and view all the answers

What can induce at least a temporary loss of consciousness in brain injuries?

Striking of parts of the brain on dural septa and bony prominences Signup and view all the answers

What is notable about civilian head injuries regarding potential brain damage according to the text?

Brain damage may occur even without skull penetration Signup and view all the answers

What has been expanded in recent decades to include any neurological phenomenon following a head strike?

Definition of concussion Signup and view all the answers

What type of theory has not yet been formulated according to the text?

A theory that explains all neuropathologic changes related to concussion and coma Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of the shrinkage of the hydrocephalic brain after ventriculoperitoneal shunting?

Formation of a subdural hematoma Signup and view all the answers

Intracranial hypotension can contribute to the development of which condition?

Subdural hygromas Signup and view all the answers

Why are hygromas usually asymptomatic in adults?

They do not require treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is a major factor in the genesis of tissue shifts and raised ICP in severe closed head injury?

Contusional swelling Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential concern related to the swelling of an acute contusion in the first several days after injury?

Delayed clinical deterioration Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is relieved when subdural fluid is aspirated or drained?

Confusion Signup and view all the answers

What imaging technique was mentioned as aiding in identifying contusions after closed head injury?

CT scan Signup and view all the answers

What may give rise to delayed clinical deterioration after injury?

Swelling of a contused area Signup and view all the answers

Which condition does not typically require treatment in adults?