Questions and Answers
What is the main cause of brain herniation?
Brain swelling or bleeding from a head injury, stroke, or brain tumor
Which part of the brain is affected in uncal herniation?
Temporal lobe
What is a symptom of uncal herniation?
Dilated pupil
What is compressed in uncal herniation, leading to hemiplegia?
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What is responsible for consciousness in the brainstem?
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What is the result of oculomotor nerve compression in uncal herniation?
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Study Notes
Brain Herniation
- Brain herniation occurs when brain tissue and blood vessels are moved or pressed away from their usual position inside the skull due to increased pressure
- Common causes of brain herniation include brain swelling, bleeding from a head injury, stroke, or brain tumor
Supratentorial Compartment
Uncal Herniation
- Occurs when the uncus herniates into the anterior part of the opening of the tentorial notch
- Uncus is the most medial part of the temporal lobe, viewed inferiorly
- Symptoms of Uncal Herniation include:
- Dilated pupil due to compression of the oculomotor nerve, which normally controls pupil constriction
- Hemiplegia (paralysis on one side of the body) due to compression of the cerebral peduncles, which carry the main descending motor pathway (corticospinal tract)
- Coma due to compression of the brainstem, specifically the reticular formation, which is responsible for consciousness
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