Brain Fingerprinting and Motivation Theories Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which theory of motivation emphasizes the role of internal factors such as instincts and homeostasis?

  • Incentive and Expectancy Theories
  • Achievement Goal Theory
  • Instinct Theory and Evolutionary Psychology (correct)
  • Cognitive-Affective Theories

    • What is the primary focus of Achievement Goal Theory?

  • The Adaptive Value of Emotion
  • The Neuroscience of Affective Style
  • The Physiology of Hunger
  • Achievement Needs and Situational Factors (correct)

    • According to the text, what are the key influences on Sexual Motivation?

  • Cultural and Environmental Influences (correct)
  • The Physiology of Hunger
  • Psychological Aspects of Hunger
  • The Nature and Functions of Emotion

    • Which theory of emotion proposes that physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously and independently?

    <p>The Cannon-Bard Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory emphasizes the influence of unconscious motives on behavior?

    <p>Psychodynamic theories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Abraham Maslow, which needs range from basic to self-actualization?

    <p>Physiological needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does self-determination theory focus on as psychological needs?

    <p>Competence, autonomy, and relatedness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What uses two-thirds of energy for basal metabolism?

    <p>Metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which signals induce hunger and satiety in the short-term?

    <p>Ghrelin and leptin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of a set point in hunger regulation?

    <p>An internal physiological standard for regulating body weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiological signals indicate hunger?

    <p>Stomach contractions and glucose concentration monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do hunger pangs depend on?

    <p>Blood sugar levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory explains varying motivation levels for the same incentive?

    <p>Cognitive expectancy × value theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of self-determination theory?

    <p>Competence, autonomy, and relatedness as psychological needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do long-term signals monitor in hunger regulation?

    <p>Body fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does hunger regulation involve?

    <p>Biological, psychological, and environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which theory emphasizes the role of unconscious impulses and psychological defenses?

    <p>Freud's psychodynamic theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory proposes that needs are arranged in a hierarchy, with need progression and regression based on satisfaction levels?

    <p>Maslow's need hierarchy model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In self-determination theory, what are the three fundamental psychological needs emphasized?

    <p>Competence, autonomy, and relatedness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory proposes that tissue deficits create drives like hunger?

    <p>Drive theories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what concept has been further developed by Edward Deci and Richard Ryan in self-determination theory?

    <p>Need hierarchy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main criticism of Maslow's need hierarchy model according to the text?

    <p>It is criticized for being vague</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what does relatedness complement in self-determination theory?

    <p>Autonomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do evolutionary psychologists propose as the basis for motivation?

    <p>Genetically based predispositions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory emphasizes three fundamental psychological needs: competence, autonomy, and relatedness?

    <p>Self-determination theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of motivation according to the text?

    <p>Influencing behavior direction, vigour, and persistence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do critics question about Maslow's need hierarchy according to the text?

    <p>The arrangement of needs in a hierarchy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what do critics question about Freud's psychodynamic theory?

    <p>The dual-instinct model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to drive theory, what is the ultimate goal of motivated behavior?

    <p>Reducing drives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is regulated by homeostatic models of motivation?

    <p>Hunger, thirst, and sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do incentive theories of motivation emphasize?

    <p>The pull of external stimuli with high incentive value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To what has the incentive theory been applied in the study of human behavior?

    <p>Drug abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do expectancy theories of motivation propose?

    <p>Goal-directed behavior is jointly determined by expectation strength and goal value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinction made by cognitive theorists in terms of motivation?

    <p>Extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the overjustification hypothesis suggest?

    <p>Giving extrinsic rewards for intrinsically enjoyable activities may reduce intrinsic motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what do growth needs motivate us to do?

    <p>Develop our potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does self-actualization lie in Maslow's need hierarchy?

    <p>At the top, representing the ultimate human motive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does brain fingerprinting use to determine if a suspect has details of a crime stored in their brain?

    <p>Brainwave monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which state was Terry Harrington, a convicted murderer exonerated with the help of brain fingerprinting?

    <p>Iowa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has brain fingerprinting been ruled in U.S. courts compared to polygraph examinations?

    <p>Admissible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not encompassed by motivation according to the text?

    <p>Sleeping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What accounts for differences in motivated behavior, such as the desire for security?

    <p>Heredity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do evolutionary psychologists propose as the underpinnings of psychological motives?

    <p>Genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory, inspired by Darwin's theory of evolution, suggests that instincts motivate much of human behavior?

    <p>Instinct theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is homeostasis?

    <p>A state of internal physiological equilibrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does homeostasis require for regulation of the internal environment?

    <p>A sensory mechanism, a response system, and a control center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Clark Hull's drive theory, what produces drives that motivate behavior?

    <p>Physiological disruptions to homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can homeostasis involve to regulate the internal environment?

    <p>Learned behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to expectancy × value theory, what may influence how people respond to the same incentive?

    <p>Their expectations and the value they place on the incentive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Brain Fingerprinting and Motivation Theories

    • "Brain fingerprinting" uses brainwave monitoring to determine if a suspect has details of a crime stored in their brain.
    • Brain fingerprinting was instrumental in exonerating Terry Harrington, a convicted murderer serving a life sentence in Iowa.
    • Unlike polygraph examinations, brain fingerprinting has been ruled admissible in U.S. courts.
    • Motivation encompasses eating, sexual behavior, thrill-seeking, and affiliation, influencing goal-directed behavior.
    • Heredity accounts for differences in motivated behavior, such as the desire for security.
    • Evolutionary psychologists propose that psychological motives have evolutionary underpinnings expressed through genes.
    • Instinct theory, inspired by Darwin's theory of evolution, suggests that instincts motivate much of human behavior.
    • Homeostasis is a state of internal physiological equilibrium that the body strives to maintain.
    • Homeostasis requires a sensory mechanism for detecting changes, a response system, and a control center.
    • According to Clark Hull's drive theory, physiological disruptions to homeostasis produce drives that motivate behavior.
    • Homeostasis can involve learned behaviors to regulate the internal environment.
    • According to expectancy × value theory, people may respond differently to the same incentive based on their expectations and the value they place on the incentive.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of brain fingerprinting and motivation theories with this quiz. Explore the use of brainwave monitoring in determining crime details and its admissibility in U.S. courts. Delve into motivation theories, including instinct, homeostasis, and expectancy × value theory, and their influence on goal-directed behavior.

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