Brain Anatomy: Cerebellum and Metencephalon

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Questions and Answers

What are the structures that limit the basal surface of the pons superiorly?

Anterior Cerebral peduncles

Middle Cerebellar peduncles

Inferior Cerebellar peduncles

Superior Cerebral peduncles (correct)

What is the component of the posterior or middle lobe of the cerebellum?

Nodulus

Uvula (correct)

Central Lobule

Lingula cerebelli

Which cranial nerves leave the brain on the borders of the pons at the basal surface of the cerebellum?

Olfactory (I), Optic (II), Oculomotor (III)

Trochlear (IV), Trigeminal (V), Abducent (VI)

Glossopharyngeal (IX), Vagus (X), Hypoglossal (XII)

Trigeminal (V), Abducent (VI), Facial (VII), Vestibulo-cochlear (VIII) (correct)

What forms the dorsal surface of the cerebellum?

The superior part of the rhomboid fossa Signup and view all the answers

Which nuclei are found on the vermis of the cerebellum?

Only Fastigial nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the component of the Floculonodular lobe of the cerebellum?

Nodulus and Flocculus Signup and view all the answers

What limits the basal surface of the cerebellum inferiorly?

Medulla oblongata Signup and view all the answers

How is the dorsal surface of the cerebellum separated from the inferior part of the rhomboid fossa?

By striae medullares Signup and view all the answers

What laterally limits the dorsal surface of the cerebellum?

Superior cerebellar peduncles Signup and view all the answers

What is the pontine part of the rhomboid fossa?

Region including the median sulcus, medial eminences, and facial colliculi Signup and view all the answers

What are the superior limits of the medulla oblongata?

Striae medullares and inferior border of pons with foramen caecum Signup and view all the answers

What does the basal surface of the medulla oblongata include?

Anterior median fissure, pyramids, anterior lateral sulcus, lateral funiculus, and olive Signup and view all the answers

Where does the hypoglossal nerve leave the brain?

At the anterior lateral sulcus on the basal surface of the medulla oblongata Signup and view all the answers

What limits the inferior part of the dorsal surface of the rhomboid fossa?

Sulcus limitans Signup and view all the answers

What does the vestibular area on the dorsal surface of the brain stem lead to laterally?

The lateral recess with the acoustic tubercle Signup and view all the answers

What is located on the inferolateral part of the dorsal surface of the brain stem?

Posterior median sulcus and gracile fascicle separated by posterior intermediate sulcus from cuneate fascicle Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the median aperture in the 4th ventricle?

Inferior wall just over the obex Signup and view all the answers

What part of the spinal cord is characterized by the vertebral levels C5-T1?

Cervical enlargement Signup and view all the answers

What is the inferior wall of the 4th ventricle composed of?

Inferior medullary velum, nodulus of the vermis, and tela choroidea Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure at the floor of the rhomboid fossa?

4th ventricle Signup and view all the answers

What is the level of the spinal cord termination?

L1/L2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of the lumbosacral enlargement?

L1-S3 Signup and view all the answers

What are the lateral apertures of the 4th ventricle located in?

The apex of the lateral recess Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the superior wall of the 4th ventricle?

Superior cerebellar peduncles and superior medullary vellum Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Metencephalon

Composed of Pons and Cerebellum

Cerebellum

Superior surface has anterior and superior notch
Inferior surface has vallecula cerebelli, anterior and posterior edges, and hemispheres and vermis separated by median sulcus
Divided into three lobes: Anterior lobe, Floculonodular lobe, and Posterior or middle lobe
Anterior lobe has culmen, central lobule, and lingula cerebelli
Floculonodular lobe has nodulus and flocculus
Posterior or middle lobe has declive, piramid, uvula, folium vermis, and tuber

Nuclei of the Cerebellum

Vermis has fastigial nucleus
Hemispheres have dentate nucleus, emboliform nucleus, and globosus nucleus

Pons

Basal surface limited superiorly by superior cerebral peduncles
Basal surface limited inferiorly by medulla oblongata
Continues as middle cerebellar peduncles laterally on the basal surface of the cerebellum
Cranial nerves leaving the brain on the borders of the pons at the basal surface of the cerebellum: Trigeminal (V), abducent (VI), facial (VII), and vestibulo-cochlear (VIII)

Dorsal Surface of the Cerebellum

Formed by the superior part of the rhomboid fossa (floor of the IVth ventricle)
Separated from the inferior part of the rhomboid fossa by striae medullares
Laterally limited by superior cerebellar peduncles

Rhomboid Fossa

Pontine part includes structures such as median sulcus, medial eminences, facial colliculi, sulcus limitans, superior foveae, upper portion of the vestibular area, and locus coeruleus

Medulla Oblongata

Basal surface has anterior median fissure, pyramids, anterior lateral sulcus, lateral funiculus, and the olive
Hypoglossal nerve leaves the brain at the anterior lateral sulcus on the basal surface
Superior limits: striae medullares (dorsally) and inferior border of pons with foramen caecum (ventrally)
Inferior limits: decussation of pyramids (ventrally) and point of emergence of C1 cranial nerves (dorsally)

Rhomboid Fossa (continued)

Inferior part of the dorsal surface limited by sulcus limitans on the lateral side
Vagal triangle on the dorsal surface limited by funiculus separans
Area postrema on the dorsal surface connected with its counterpart by obex
Vestibular area on the dorsal surface leads laterally to the lateral recess with the acoustic tubercle

Structures Found on the Rhomboid Fossa

Median sulcus
Sulcus limitans
Locus coeruleus
Medial eminance
Vagal triangle
Hypoglossal triangle
Funiculus separans
Area postrema
Superior vestibular area

4th Ventricle

Floor formed by the rhomboid fossa
Superior wall composed of superior cerebellar peduncles and superior medullary vellum
Inferior wall formed by inferior medullary velum, nodulus of the vermis, and tela choroidea
Median aperture located at the inferior wall, leads to the cerebromedullar cisterna (subarachnoid space)
Lateral apertures located in the apex of the lateral recessus, lead to the pons cisterna (subarachnoid space)

Spinal Cord

Termination at L1/L2 (Lumbar vertebrae 1/Lumbar vertebrae 2)
Cervical enlargement at C5 - T1 (Cervical vertebrae 5 - Thoracic vertebrae 1)
Lumbosacral enlargement at L1 - S3 (Lumbar vertebrae 1 - Sacral vertebrae 3)

Fissures and Sulci in the Spinal Cord

Anterior median fissure
Posterior medial sulcus
Posterolateral sulcus
Anterolateral sulcus
Posterior intermediate sulcus

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Description

Test your knowledge of brain anatomy, specifically the metencephalon and cerebellum. Questions cover the composition and surface features of these brain structures.