Clinical Neuroscience Week 2 - The Cerebrum, Cerebral Cortex, Blood Supply, and Substructures (Hard)

<p>Planning and executing movements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Connecting the two cerebral hemispheres (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Uncus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caudate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Longitudinal fissure and Transverse cerebral fissure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Broca's area (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temporal lobe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relaying sensory and motor information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Pre-motor cortex is responsible for complex movement planning, while the Primary motor cortex executes those movements. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cingulate gyrus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Processing olfactory information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temporal lobe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frontal and Parietal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subdural hemorrhage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ischemic stroke (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a life-threatening condition caused by bleeding into the space between the brain and pia mater. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding cerebral structures is essential for effective initial management. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dysarthria and facial paralysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slurred speech and difficulty swallowing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide structural support and protection. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It drains blood from the brain’s hemispheres. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both A and C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dura mater (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood from internal structures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase in intracranial pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reperfusion via tPA or TNK, thrombectomy, or recanalization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Middle cerebral artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contralateral hemiplegia (leg more than arm) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cerebral aqueduct (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic problems from gene mutations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Locked-in syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lateral ventricles &gt; 3rd ventricle &gt; cerebral aqueduct &gt; subarachnoid space (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Between the right and left thalamus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potential for hemorrhagic stroke (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Opening of blocked blood vessels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No detectable stroke symptoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Head CT (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemorrhagic conversion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ischemic stroke (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Salvageable brain tissue at risk of infarction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TNK (Tenecteplase) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5-15 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Platelet count less than 100,000/mm^3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MRI (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of further bleeding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perform a head CT without contrast (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stroke (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetically modified tPA increasingly used for ischemic strokes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Longer examination time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Control of voluntary muscle movements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of sensation in the face and limbs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for alternative pathways of blood flow in case of blockages or damage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interpreting sensory information, including touch, temperature, and pain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A weakness in the ability to initiate and execute learned movements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Middle cerebral artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To connect the left and right anterior cerebral arteries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It integrates sensory information from the body, including visceral, pain, and temperature sensations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of vision or visual disturbances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To supply blood to the brainstem and cerebellum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It plays a crucial role in regulating emotions, motivation, and behavioral control. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wernicke's area (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulation of emotions and processing of auditory information. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Processing information related to smell. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Broca's area (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The left hemisphere controls the right side of the body, and the right hemisphere controls the left side of the body. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary Motor Cortex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concept that each hemisphere of the brain controls and receives information from the opposite side of the body. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Occipital Lobe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It lies between and beneath other lobes and plays a role in a variety of functions, including memory, emotion, and learning. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a visual representation of the relative size of different body parts as they are represented in the motor and sensory cortex. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is responsible for planning, organizing, and coordinating complex voluntary movements. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is located in the frontal lobe, near the motor cortex. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Left primary motor cortex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Broca's aphasia affects speech production, while Wernicke's aphasia affects language comprehension. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary somatosensory cortex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It contributes to the formation of the blood-brain barrier and maintains the stiffness of the spinal cord. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide structural support and compartmentalize the brain, limiting its movement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cerebellum from the occipital and temporal lobes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It directly adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The skull and the dura mater (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The dura mater of the brain forms multiple folds and reflections, while the spinal cord dura mater has only one layer. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a space where procedures like lumbar punctures and epidural injections can be performed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It tightly adheres to the brain and spinal cord, contributing to the blood-brain barrier. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is caused by an infection of the meninges. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a collection of blood that forms between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arachnoid mater (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To cushion and protect the brain and spinal cord from injury. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is often caused by a bacterial infection. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intracranial space (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Connecting the two anterior cerebral arteries, enabling collateral circulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cerebellum (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contralateral homonymous hemianopsia, memory impairment, and visual agnosia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Circle of Willis supplies the anterior circulation, encompassing the internal carotid arteries and their branches (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Connecting the internal carotid arteries to the posterior cerebral artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contralateral hemiplegia with greater impairment in the arm and face (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can influence the severity and outcome of cerebrovascular events, depending on its completeness and variations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Supplying blood to the upper part of the cerebellum, pons, and cerebral peduncles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The anterior circulation primarily supplies the front of the brain, while the posterior circulation supplies the back half (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enables a pathway for blood to reach the brain from the heart (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It facilitates communication and collaboration among team members by providing anatomical information about the brain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frontal lobe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is involved in critical functions like reasoning, planning, and voluntary movement (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Circle of Willis connects to the posterior circulation through specific arteries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internal carotid artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Part of the temporal lobe that processes sound information.

Region critical for speech production and articulation, located in the frontal lobe.

Forebrain structures that process smell information.

Map showing brain areas controlling specific body parts.

Frontal lobe area responsible for voluntary movements.

Parietal lobe area processing sensory information from the body.

Each brain hemisphere controls the opposite body side.

Brain region involved in cognitive functions and voluntary movement.

Region of the temporal lobe critical for language comprehension.

Part of the brain that processes auditory information and memory formation.

Lobe responsible for sensory perception and spatial orientation.

Language disorder affecting speech production, often with comprehension intact.

Language disorder affecting comprehension, usually speaking fluently but nonsensically.

Brain region involved in emotion, perception, and self-awareness.

Set of structures involved in emotion, memory, and motivation.

Part of the brain that performs higher functions like interpreting touch and reasoning.

Outermost layer of the brain responsible for higher thought and processing.

Dominant hemisphere responsible for logic, language, and analytical tasks.

Language center involved in verbal comprehension located in the left hemisphere.

Non-dominant hemisphere involved in creativity and visual-spatial tasks.

A groove that separates the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain.

Part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and balance.

Relay station for motor and sensory information in the brain.

Massive band of white matter connecting the two brain hemispheres.

Processes sensory information from the body, located in the parietal lobe.

Involved in emotion and behavior regulation, part of the limbic system.

Region of the brain that processes visual information.

Groove that separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes.

A neurological disorder affecting learned movements despite understanding requests.

Interprets visual information and contains the primary visual cortex.

Symptoms of occipital lobe damage, including visual agnosia, partial blindness, and hallucinations.

A lobe integrating visceral and sensory information, contributing to emotional processing.

The ability to sense internal bodily states, influenced by emotional experiences.

Involved in memory, emotional regulation, multi-sensory integration, and autonomic control.

A circular artery system providing blood flow to all brain parts and alternative pathways if blocked.

Includes anterior/posterior cerebral arteries, internal carotid arteries, and vertebral artery in the Circle of Willis.

Helps design rehabilitation programs post-stroke by identifying affected brain areas.

Arteries that supply oxygen-rich blood to the front part of the brain.

Arteries supplying blood to the posterior part of the brain.

Small vessel connecting left and right anterior cerebral arteries.

The largest cerebral artery supplying the lateral cerebral cortex.

Artery that supplies the medial portions of frontal and parietal lobes.

Artery supplying the occipital lobe and parts of the temporal lobe.

Weakness on one side of the body due to brain damage.

Loss of coordination and control of muscle movements.

Bulges in blood vessel walls that can rupture.

Area between the arachnoid membrane and pia mater surrounding the brain.

Loss of half of the visual field on the same side in both eyes.

Artery formed by the union of two vertebral arteries, supplying brainstem and cerebellum.

Blood flow in the brain, vital for its functions.

A branch off the basilar artery supplying the anterior and inferior cerebellum, dorsolateral medulla, and lower pons.

Includes vertigo, nausea, vomiting, nystagmus, dysarthria, hearing loss, tinnitus, and facial paralysis.

The largest branch of the vertebral artery, supplying blood to the cerebellum and common location for strokes.

Includes headaches, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, and ataxia due to impaired blood flow.

Include vertebral arteries and basilar artery supplying blood to the back of the brain.

Slurred speech, swallowing difficulty, double vision, and ataxia can result from occlusion.

Results in symptoms like numbness, weakness, vertigo, and head/neck pain due to inadequate blood flow.

Drain blood from the brain into the dural sinuses, divided into superficial and deep veins.

Largest dural sinus draining from the brain’s hemispheres to the transverse sinuses.

Three protective layers (dura, arachnoid, pia) surrounding the CNS, supporting blood flow and cushioning the brain.

Bleeding between the dura mater and arachnoid mater from a torn blood vessel.

Life-threatening bleeding between the pia mater and arachnoid due to a ruptured vessel.

Procedure inserting a needle into the spinal canal to collect cerebrospinal fluid.

Stroke caused by a clot blocking a blood vessel to the brain.

Stroke resulting from a burst blood vessel in the brain.

Restoration of blood flow to areas deprived of oxygen.

Medications used for thrombolysis in ischemic strokes.

Surgical process to remove a thrombus from a blood vessel.

Supplies blood to the medial aspects of the frontal and parietal lobes.

Supplies the occipital lobe and parts of the thalamus.

Condition caused by excessive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles.

Connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles, carrying CSF.

Largest ventricles in the brain storing CSF; connected to the 3rd ventricle.

System of interconnected cavities in the brain containing CSF for cushioning.

Thick, outermost layer of meninges, attaches to the skull's inner surface.

Spiderweb-like middle layer of meninges filled with fluid.

Delicate innermost layer of meninges, closely adheres to the brain.

Space between the skull and dura mater, contains no adipose tissue.

Space between the dura mater and arachnoid mater; can expand if trauma occurs.

Sickle-shaped structure separating the cerebral hemispheres.

Tent-like structure separating cerebellum from cerebrum.

Thin fold of dura mater separating the cerebellum's hemispheres.

Folds of dura mater creating partitions within the cranial cavity.

Fluid that cushions and protects the brain and spinal cord.

Infection of the meninges, may lead to serious complications.

Slow-growing tumors developing in the meninges.

Collection of blood between the skull and dura mater, often due to injury.

Sudden onset of face, arm, leg weakness; vision loss.

Standard assessment tool for stroke severity, scored from 0 to 42.

Scores indicate stroke severity; higher scores mean greater impairment.

CT, CTA, MRI, help identify stroke type and severity.

Initial imaging to differentiate hemorrhage from ischemic stroke.

Clot-busting drug for ischemic stroke given within 4.5 hours of symptoms.

Brain area at risk but salvageable if treated quickly after a stroke.

Bleeding into the brain after restoration of blood flow post-stroke.

Must show ischemic stroke, neurologic deficit, symptoms within specific time.

Cannot be used for patients with pacemakers; more costly and time-consuming.

CT is faster; MRI provides better resolution and earlier ischemia detection.

Sudden weakness, vision loss, trouble speaking, severe headache, dizziness.

Surgical removal of a clot to restore blood flow after ischemic stroke.

Conditions preventing tPA use include recent trauma, bleeding, or high blood pressure.

Immediate imaging essential for identifying large vessel occlusions for treatment.