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Questions and Answers
Which nerve is responsible for motor function in the anterior part of the arm?
Which nerve is responsible for motor function in the anterior part of the arm?
What is the main role of the Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm?
What is the main role of the Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm?
How many major branches originate from the brachial plexus?
How many major branches originate from the brachial plexus?
Which nerve does not have any function or branch in the arm?
Which nerve does not have any function or branch in the arm?
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What structure does the axilla serve as?
What structure does the axilla serve as?
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How many roots make up the brachial plexus?
How many roots make up the brachial plexus?
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Which nerve is found in the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?
Which nerve is found in the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?
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Which nerves originate from the roots of the brachial plexus?
Which nerves originate from the roots of the brachial plexus?
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What is the role of the Median nerve in the arm?
What is the role of the Median nerve in the arm?
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What is the total number of divisions in the brachial plexus?
What is the total number of divisions in the brachial plexus?
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Which of the following nerves primarily serves the pectoralis major?
Which of the following nerves primarily serves the pectoralis major?
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Which trunks are part of the brachial plexus?
Which trunks are part of the brachial plexus?
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Which major nerve does the suprascapular nerve innervate?
Which major nerve does the suprascapular nerve innervate?
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How many cords are found in the brachial plexus?
How many cords are found in the brachial plexus?
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What muscle is innervated by the long thoracic nerve?
What muscle is innervated by the long thoracic nerve?
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Which of the following statements about the brachial plexus is true?
Which of the following statements about the brachial plexus is true?
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What is the primary function of the brachial artery?
What is the primary function of the brachial artery?
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Which artery does the brachial artery divide into at the cubital fossa?
Which artery does the brachial artery divide into at the cubital fossa?
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What type of veins do not run parallel with large arteries?
What type of veins do not run parallel with large arteries?
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Why might a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) be preferred over a central venous catheter (CVC)?
Why might a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) be preferred over a central venous catheter (CVC)?
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Which of the following arteries is NOT a branch of the brachial artery?
Which of the following arteries is NOT a branch of the brachial artery?
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Which veins form a triad with major arteries and nerves?
Which veins form a triad with major arteries and nerves?
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What is the risk associated with subclavian and jugular line placements?
What is the risk associated with subclavian and jugular line placements?
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What anatomical landmark marks the continuation of the axillary artery into the brachial artery?
What anatomical landmark marks the continuation of the axillary artery into the brachial artery?
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Which structure is NOT part of the anterior wall of the axilla?
Which structure is NOT part of the anterior wall of the axilla?
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What is the distal continuation of the axillary artery?
What is the distal continuation of the axillary artery?
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Which artery is found in the second part of the axillary artery?
Which artery is found in the second part of the axillary artery?
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Which muscle is NOT part of the posterior wall of the axilla?
Which muscle is NOT part of the posterior wall of the axilla?
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Which part of the axillary artery is located posterior to the pectoralis minor?
Which part of the axillary artery is located posterior to the pectoralis minor?
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What important role do the axillary lymph nodes serve in breast cancer?
What important role do the axillary lymph nodes serve in breast cancer?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a content of the axilla?
Which of the following is NOT considered a content of the axilla?
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Which part of the axillary artery gives rise to the subscapular artery?
Which part of the axillary artery gives rise to the subscapular artery?
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The lateral wall of the axilla is primarily formed by which bone?
The lateral wall of the axilla is primarily formed by which bone?
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Which of the following muscles is embedded in the adipose tissue of the axilla?
Which of the following muscles is embedded in the adipose tissue of the axilla?
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Which of the following nerves is responsible for innervating the brachial flexors?
Which of the following nerves is responsible for innervating the brachial flexors?
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Which of the following veins is NOT associated with intravenous infusion?
Which of the following veins is NOT associated with intravenous infusion?
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What is the correct sequence for dissecting the brachial plexus?
What is the correct sequence for dissecting the brachial plexus?
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Which artery branches off the axillary artery and supplies the lateral aspect of the thorax?
Which artery branches off the axillary artery and supplies the lateral aspect of the thorax?
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Which of the following statements about the axillary artery is accurate?
Which of the following statements about the axillary artery is accurate?
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Which nerve is part of the medial cord of the brachial plexus?
Which nerve is part of the medial cord of the brachial plexus?
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What does the median antebrachial cutaneous nerve innervate?
What does the median antebrachial cutaneous nerve innervate?
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Which of the following branches of the brachial artery is specifically responsible for supplying the posterior compartment of the arm?
Which of the following branches of the brachial artery is specifically responsible for supplying the posterior compartment of the arm?
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Study Notes
Brachial Plexus
- The brachial plexus is a network of nerves that innervates the upper limb.
- It has 5 roots, 3 trunks, 6 divisions, and 3 cords.
- The 5 roots are formed by the ventral rami of spinal nerves C5-T1.
- The dorsal scapular nerve and the long thoracic nerve are the only nerves arising from the roots of the brachial plexus.
- 2 nerves originate from the superior trunk: suprascapular and subclavius nerves.
- The 3 cords are called lateral, medial, and posterior cords.
- All branches of the brachial plexus originate from the cords.
Branches of the Brachial Plexus
- The 5 major branches of the brachial plexus are:
- Musculocutaneous nerve
- Median nerve
- Ulnar nerve
- Radial nerve
- Axillary nerve
Axilla
- The axilla is the space between the neck and the arm.
- It is shaped like a pyramid with 4 walls: anterior, lateral, posterior, and medial.
- It contains the major vessels, nerves, lymph nodes, and lymphatic vessels of the upper limb.
Walls of the Axilla
- The anterior wall of the axilla is formed by the pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, and the subclavius muscles.
- The lateral wall of the axilla is formed by the humerus.
- The posterior wall of the axilla is formed by the subscapularis, latissimus dorsi, teres major muscles and the long head of the triceps brachii.
- The medial wall of the axilla is formed by the upper thoracic wall, serratus anterior, and base fascia.
Contents of the Axilla
- The axilla contains the axillary artery, brachial plexus, and lymph nodes.
- The axillary artery is the continuation of the subclavian artery. It continues into the brachial artery at the inferior margin of the teres major.
- The brachial artery is the main blood vessel of the arm.
- The axillary lymph nodes are important for lymphatic drainage of the breast, and these nodes are often the first place where breast cancer metastasizes.
Branches of the Axillary Artery
- The axillary artery has 3 parts:
- The 1st part is located proximal to the pectoralis minor and contains the superior thoracic artery.
- The 2nd part is located behind the pectoralis minor and contains the thoracoacromial and lateral thoracic arteries.
- The 3rd part is located distal to the pectoralis minor and contains the subscapular, anterior circumflex humeral, and posterior circumflex humeral arteries.
Branches of the Brachial Artery
- The brachial artery continues from the axillary artery.
- It branches into the radial artery and the ulnar artery at the cubital fossa.
- The branches of the brachial artery include:
- Profunda brachii artery (deep brachial artery)
- Superior ulnar collateral artery
- Inferior ulnar collateral artery
Veins of the Arm
- Veins in the arm can be divided into superficial (cutaneous) and deep veins.
- Superficial veins are often used for intravenous injections.
- Deep veins commonly form triads with major arteries and nerves.
Venipuncture
- When inserting a needle for venipuncture, it is important to be careful not to puncture major arteries and nerves.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the brachial plexus and its branches. This quiz covers the structure, roots, trunks, cords, and major nerves associated with the brachial plexus, as well as the anatomical details of the axilla. Perfect for students of anatomy and healthcare professionals.
