BLOCK 3: AHE: (3.3) PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
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Questions and Answers

Which nerve is primarily responsible for motor innervation of the flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus?

  • Ulnar nerve (correct)
  • Musculocutaneous nerve
  • Median nerve
  • Radial nerve

    • What is the sensory function of the median nerve?

  • Posterior arm, forearm, and hand
  • Anterior and posterior aspect of the medial wrist
  • Lateral palmar surface of the hand (correct)
  • Medial hand, intimate areas

    • Which muscle groups are primarily innervated by the axillary nerve?

  • Anterior arm muscles
  • All hand muscles
  • Deltoid and teres minor (correct)
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris

    • What regions do the femoral nerve provide sensory innervation to?

    <p>Anteromedial thigh, leg, and foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nerves is responsible for sensory and motor innervation to the lower limb?

    <p>Obturator nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the phrenic nerve?

    <p>Innervates the diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The musculocutaneous nerve primarily innervates which muscle group?

    <p>Anterior arm muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which spinal nerves contribute to the ansa cervicalis?

    <p>C1-C4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is innervated by the cervical plexus?

    <p>Diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the area of skin supplied by the lesser occipital nerve?

    <p>Scalp superior and posterior to ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles are formed from the cervical myotomes?

    <p>Infrahyoid muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the role of spinal nerves in the cervical plexus?

    <p>Axons from anterior rami extend to various body structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of anterior roots of spinal nerves?

    <p>They transmit motor signals from the spinal cord to muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In relation to spinal nerves, what does the term 'dermatome' refer to?

    <p>The area of skin supplied by a specific spinal nerve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures comprise the brachial plexus?

    <p>Roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and peripheral nerves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical significance do myotatic reflexes have?

    <p>They help locate specific spinal cord regions through reflex testing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following spinal nerve categories focuses on motor signals?

    <p>Somatic motor nerves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the lumbar and sacral plexuses?

    <p>To provide cutaneous and motor innervation to the lower body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the relationship between spinal nerves and their innervated structures?

    <p>Spinal nerves can innervate both sensory and motor structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is essential when drawing out the brachial plexus?

    <p>Understanding the function of each spinal nerve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle do visceral motor fibers transmit impulses to?

    <p>Smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the dorsal ramus of spinal nerves?

    <p>Innervate joints of the vertebral column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do somatic sensory fibers primarily transmit?

    <p>Sensory information from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which spinal nerves form the brachial plexus?

    <p>C5-T1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do dermatomes indicate potential nerve damage?

    <p>By mapping skin and muscle innervation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical significance does referred visceral pain have?

    <p>It refers pain to areas of the dermatome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the processes of somatic motor fibers responsible for?

    <p>Sending impulses to voluntary skeletal muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What composes the anterior rami of spinal nerves in the trunk region?

    <p>They remain separate as intercostal nerves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a nerve plexus consist of?

    <p>Intermingling of anterior rami</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do presynaptic and postsynaptic fibers in visceral motor pathways primarily involve?

    <p>CNS connections with peripheral nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Brachial Plexus Peripheral Nerves

    • Axillary Nerve
      • Motor: Deltoid and Teres Minor muscles
      • Sensory: Over the deltoid
    • Musculocutaneous Nerve
      • Motor: Anterior arm muscles
      • Sensory: Lateral forearm
    • Median Nerve
      • Motor: Anterior forearm and thenar muscles
      • Sensory: Lateral palmar surface of the hand
    • Ulnar Nerve
      • Travels along the midline of the upper limb
      • Motor: Most of the anterior forearm, thenar muscles, and lumbricals for digits 2 and 3
        • These muscles together allow for flexion and abduction of the wrist and hand.
      • Sensory: Medial skin on the medial wrist, hand, and digits 2, 3, and ¼ of 4
    • Radial Nerve
      • Motor: Posterior arm and forearm muscles
      • Sensory: Posterior arm, forearm, and hand

    Brachial Plexus

    • Branches
      • Roots: C5 - T1
      • Trunks: Superior, Middle, Inferior
      • Divisions: Anterior, Posterior
      • Cords: Lateral, Medial, Posterior
      • Peripheral Nerves: Musculocutaneous, Axillary, Median, Ulnar, Radial
    • Innervation
      • Cutaneous: Sensory to skin
      • Motor: Movement of muscles

    Lumbosacral Plexus

    • Anterior Rami of L1–S4
    • Located in the posterior abdominal wall deep to the psoas muscle
    • Divided into anterior and posterior divisions

    Lumbar Plexus

    • Anterior Division
      • Sensory and motor innervation to the inferior abdomen and pelvis
      • Iliohypogastric nerve: L1
      • Ilioinguinal nerve: L1
      • Genitofemoral nerve: L1-L2
        • Genital branch - motor
        • Femoral branch - sensory
    • Sensory and motor to the lower limb
      • Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve: L2-L4
      • Femoral nerve: L2-L4
        • Motor: Anterior thigh muscles (knee extensors, hip flexors)
        • Sensory: Anteromedial thigh, leg, and foot
      • Obturator nerve: L2-L4
        • Motor: Medial thigh muscles (adductors of the thigh)
        • Sensory: Medial thigh

    Sacral Plexus

    • Posterior Division
      • Anterior Rami of L1 - S4
      • Nerves
        • Superior Gluteal Nerve: Motor and sensory to the gluteal region
        • Inferior Gluteal Nerve: Motor and sensory to the gluteal region
        • Nerve to Piriformis: Motor to the piriformis muscle
        • Sciatic Nerve: L4-S3
          • Tibial Nerve: Motor to the posterior leg muscles (plantar flex foot, flex knee) and plantar foot muscles.
          • Common Fibular Nerve
            • Deep Fibular Nerve: Motor to anterior and lateral leg muscles (dorsiflex foot, extend toes, evert foot).
            • Superficial Fibular Nerve: Motor to anterior and lateral leg muscles (dorsiflex foot, extend toes, evert foot).
        • Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve: Sensory only

    Spinal Nerve Function

    • Somatic Motor
      • Impulses to voluntary skeletal muscle from the CNS
    • Visceral Motor
      • Transmits impulses to involuntary smooth muscle and glandular tissue
    • Somatic Sensory
      • Sensation from the body to the CNS
        • Exteroceptive - pain, temperature, touch, and pressure from the skin
        • Proprioceptive - subconscious information about position and tension in muscles and tendons
    • Visceral Sensory
      • Transmit pain or subconscious visceral reflex sensation from hollow organs and blood vessels to the CNS
        • Distension, blood, gas, blood pressure levels

    Clinical Connections

    • Dermatomes:
      • An area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve
      • Can indicate potential damage to one or more spinal nerves
      • Used to test the integrity of nerves
    • Myotomes:
      • A group of muscles that are innervated by a single spinal nerve
      • Can indicate potential damage to one or more spinal nerves
    • Referred Visceral Pain: Pain in an organ is referred to a segment of the dermatome.
      • Examples: Appendix and referred pain to T10 dermatome

    Reflexes

    • Myotatic Reflex: Movement after a muscle stretch is produced by tapping a tendon.
      • The stimulus activates sensory receptors
      • The nerve impulse travels through the sensory neuron to the CNS
      • The CNS sends a signal through a motor neuron to the muscle, causing it to contract.
    • Clinical Uses of Reflexes
      • Myotatic reflexes are used to test the integrity of the nervous system.

    Nerve Plexus

    • Network of interweaving anterior rami of spinal nerves
      • Supply hypaxial muscles and skin, except the back.
      • In the trunk, rami stays separate
        • Example: Intercostal nerves
      • Limbs
        • Cervical Plexus - C1-C5
        • Brachial Plexus - C5-T1
        • Lumbar Plexus - L1-L4
        • Sacral Plexus - L4-S4

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    Peripheral Nervous System I- Spinal Nerves PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the anatomy and functions of the brachial plexus and its associated peripheral nerves. This quiz covers the motor and sensory roles of various nerves including the Axillary, Musculocutaneous, Median, Ulnar, and Radial nerves.

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