Brachial Plexus and Cori Cycle Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What happens to lactate during the Cori Cycle?

  • It is transported to the liver and converted back to glucose. (correct)
  • It accumulates and leads to muscle contraction.
  • It is expelled from the body through respiration.
  • It is directly converted to ATP in the muscles.

What is the final product of lactate conversion in the liver during the Cori Cycle?

  • Pyruvate
  • Glucose (correct)
  • Glycogen
  • Acetyl-CoA

Which of the following best describes the relationship between pyruvate and lactate in active muscle contraction?

  • Lactate is completely converted into pyruvate during recovery.
  • Pyruvate is formed from lactate during intense exercise.
  • Pyruvate and lactate are produced simultaneously in equal amounts.
  • Lactate is formed from the reduction of pyruvate. (correct)

What physiological condition triggers the expansion of the Cori Cycle?

<p>Strenuous muscle exercise leading to lactate accumulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about ATP production during the Cori Cycle is true?

<p>ATP production requires glucose to be abundant. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structural organization of the brachial plexus starting from its roots?

<p>Roots → Trunks → Cords → Divisions → Branches (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary role does the Cori cycle play during exercise?

<p>It reduces lactate levels by converting it to glucose in the liver. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of pectoral nodes?

<p>3-5 nodes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which components contribute to the formation of the brachial plexus?

<p>C5-C8 and T1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does 2,3-BPG affect hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen?

<p>It lowers the affinity for oxygen, promoting unloading in tissues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does hypoxic condition have on 2,3-BPG levels in red blood cells?

<p>It triggers an increase in 2,3-BPG concentration to aid in oxygen release. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the central nodes located within the axillary lymphatic nodes?

<p>Deep to the pectoralis minor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of the branching structure of the brachial plexus?

<p>It includes superior, inferior, medial, and lateral cords. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cycle is characterized by the conversion of 1,3-BPG to 2,3-BPG and subsequent hydrolysis?

<p>Rapaport-Luebering cycle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the Pasteur and Crabtree effects?

<p>Pasteur effect suppresses glycolysis due to oxygen; Crabtree effect suppresses respiration due to high glucose levels. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Lactic Acid Cycle (Cori Cycle)

A metabolic process where lactate produced in muscles is converted back to glucose in the liver.

Muscle lactate production

Pyruvate, during strenuous activity, is converted to lactate in muscles.

Liver lactate conversion

The liver converts lactate back into glucose via gluconeogenesis.

Cori Cycle function

To replenish glucose supply in muscles during intense exercise.

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Lactate accumulation

Build-up of lactate in muscles during high-intensity activities.

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Cori Cycle

The metabolic pathway where lactate produced during exercise is converted back to glucose in the liver.

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2,3-BPG

A molecule that reduces hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen, allowing easier oxygen release to tissues.

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Rapaport-Luebering Cycle

A process in red blood cells (RBCs) that converts 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate into 2,3-BPG.

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Pasteur Effect

Oxygen inhibits glycolysis.

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Crabtree Effect

High glucose/fructose inhibits respiration.

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Axillary Lymph Nodes

A cluster of lymph nodes located in the armpit, surrounded by fatty tissue. They play a crucial role in filtering lymph fluid and fighting infections in the upper limb.

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Pectoral Nodes

A group of lymph nodes located near the chest muscles, specifically within the axilla. They filter lymph fluid from the breast and chest wall, contributing to immune defense.

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Subscapular Nodes

Lymph nodes situated near the shoulder blade, within the axilla. They filter lymph from the back and upper arm.

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Brachial Plexus

A vast network of nerves that branches out from the neck and extends into the arm, responsible for controlling movement and sensation in the upper limb.

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Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, Branches

These terms describe the organizational structure of the brachial plexus, starting with the nerve roots in the neck, branching into trunks, then divisions, cords, and finally into individual nerves that innervate specific parts of the arm.

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