Carbohydrate Metabolism: Anabolic Reactions and Cori Cycle
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the Cori cycle?

  • To promote anaerobic metabolism in the muscles
  • To convert glucose to lactate in the liver
  • To prevent lactate accumulation in the muscle
  • To regenerate glucose from lactate in the liver (correct)

What is the byproduct of anaerobic metabolism in the muscles?

  • Glycogen
  • Lactic acid (correct)
  • Pyruvate
  • Glucose

What is the significance of the Cori cycle during exercise?

  • It enables efficient reutilization of lactate (correct)
  • It promotes gluconeogenesis in the muscles
  • It increases energy production
  • It reduces muscle cramps

What happens to lactate in the liver during the Cori cycle?

<p>It is converted to pyruvate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Cori cycle important during strenuous exercise?

<p>It prevents lactate accumulation in the muscle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the net result of the Cori cycle?

<p>Lactate is converted to glucose in the liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary organ responsible for replenishing blood glucose through gluconeogenesis?

<p>Liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of substrates for gluconeogenesis during prolonged starvation?

<p>Protein catabolism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many ATPs are required to generate one glucose molecule through gluconeogenesis?

<p>6 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of glucagon on gluconeogenesis?

<p>It increases gluconeogenesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of glycogen in the human body?

<p>Storage of carbohydrates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin on gluconeogenesis?

<p>It inhibits gluconeogenesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecule that is converted into fructose-1-6-bisphosphate?

<p>Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme that converts glucose-6-phosphate into glucose?

<p>Glucose-6-phosphatase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is replaced by glucose-6-phosphatase in gluconeogenesis?

<p>Hexokinase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which tissue is glucose-6-phosphatase most active?

<p>Liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in the conversion of oxaloacetate to phosphoenol pyruvate?

<p>Conversion of oxaloacetate to malate by malate dehydrogenase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reaction that is catalyzed by phosphohexo isomerase?

<p>Glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the conversion of oxaloacetate to phosphoenol pyruvate?

<p>To bypass the irreversible step of glycolysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of replacing certain enzymes in gluconeogenesis?

<p>To regulate glycolysis and gluconeogenesis independently (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of GTP or ATP in the conversion of oxaloacetate to phosphoenol pyruvate?

<p>To donate a phosphate group (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the net effect of the two reactions involving malate dehydrogenase and PEPCK?

<p>The conversion of pyruvate to phosphoenol pyruvate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the subsequent step after the conversion of oxaloacetate to phosphoenol pyruvate?

<p>The conversion of phosphoenol pyruvate to 2-phosphoglycerate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of the glucose part transferred to a glycogen primer molecule by glycogen synthase?

<p>UDP-glucose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of glycogenin in glycogen synthesis?

<p>To create the glycogen primer molecule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum length of the glycogen chain required for branching enzyme to transfer a block of glucose residues?

<p>11-12 glucose residues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of bond that connects the glucose residues in a glycogen primer molecule?

<p>Alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction catalyzed by UDP glucose pyrophosphorylase?

<p>UDP-glucose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of glycogen synthase in glycogen synthesis?

<p>To add glucose units in alpha-1,4 linkage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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