BPS 4323 OSHMS Quiz Semester 1, 2024/2025

Occupational Safety and Health Management System (OSHMS)

• BPS 4323 is a course on OSHMS.
• Dr. Wahida Yaakub is the lecturer.
• The course is for Semester 1, 2024/2025.

Course Assessment

• 10% - Quiz
• 10% - Individual Assignment (Week 3)
• 20% - Mid-term Test (Week 7)
• 20% - Group Assignment
• 40% - Final Exam
• 100% total success!

Introduction to OSHMS

• Analyze all phases in OSHMS (policy, hazards, risk analysis, compliance, objectives, programs)
• Apply the PDCA cycle and OSH-MS models based on recognized standards
• Communicate ideas professionally related to OSHMS.

Definition of OSHMS

• A source or situation with potential for harm to human injury or ill health.
• A combination of likelihood and severity of a hazardous event.

General Definition of OSHMS

• A planned, documented, and verifiable method of managing hazards and associated risks.
• Ensure safety, health, and welfare of workers to comply with regulations.
• Can be simple or complex, highly documented or simple.
• Can be home-grown or based on available models.

Heinrich's Theory of Loss Causation

• Accidents are caused by a combination of factors, not just immediate causes.
• Underlying causes often result from inadequate management control.

Heinrich's Domino Theory

• The central factors in the accident sequence are unsafe acts and mechanical/physical hazards.
• Includes ancestry & social environment, fault of person, unsafe act/mechanical/physical hazard, accident, injury.

MAS: Mesti Ada Sistem

• A system to prevent accidents in the workplace through OSHMS and a safe work environment, ensuring workers' well-being. This includes moving from unsafe to safe workplaces.

History of OSHMS

• Robert's Report 1972 started the trend of a systematic approach to OSH.
• ILO Occupational Safety and Health convention 1981 emphasized participation.
• A number of OSHMS standards and guidelines have been developed based on this concept.
• ILO published guidelines in 2011.
• OSHMS standards gained support following the success of ISO 9000 (quality) and 14000 (environment).
• British Standard Association (BSI) later developed OHSAS 18000.
• The first OSH Standard under ISO (ISO 45000) was developed and published in 2018.
• Malaysia published its standard in 2011 (MS 1722) based on ILO standard.

Basic Principle OSHMS Main Elements (ISO 45001)

• PLAN: Set objectives and processes to deliver expected output.
• DO: Implement the plan and execute the process.
• CHECK: Check the result and compare against expected results.
• ACT: Request corrective actions for significant differences between actual and planned results.

Basic Principle OSHMS Main Elements (MS 1722)

• Continuous Improvement is key, incorporating Policy, Organizing (audit), Planning and Implementation, and Evaluation.

PDCA Model ISO 9001

• A model outlining clauses for Quality Management System (ISO 9001) for planning, doing, checking, and acting.

PDCA Model ISO 14001

• A model outlining clauses for Environmental Management System (ISO 14001) for planning, doing, checking, and acting.

PDCA Model ISO 45001

• Outlines the context of the organization, planning, leadership, support, operations, performance evaluation and improvement.

Integrated Management System (IMS)

• Combining various management systems into one comprehensive system.
• Integrating current systems in an organization.

Why OSHMS is Important

• Zero accidents at workplaces.
• Managing OSH activities systematically.
• Reducing hazards and risks to prevent accidents & diseases.
• Improving worker satisfaction and productivity.

Benefits of OSHMS

• Fewer accidents, illnesses, and injuries.
• reduced medical and healthcare costs.
• Maintain a safe and conducive work environment.
• Reduced staff turnover and improved work harmony,
• Less damage to equipment and property.
• Minimize penalties.

IMS and ISO

• ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is an independent, non-governmental organization representing national standard institutes in over 160 countries.
• ISO 9001 (Quality), ISO 14001 (Environment), ISO 45001 (OH&S).
• Annex SL, ISO Guide 83 for high-level structures for ISO Management System Standards.

OSHMS in Malaysia

• OSHA Act 1994 (and 2022 Amendments) to ensure safe and healthy workplaces, outlining the duties of employers, employees, and other parties.
• Concept of self-regulation.

OSHMS Standards in Malaysia

• OHSAS 18001:2007.
• ILO-OSH Guidelines.
• MS 1722:2011.
• ISO 45001:2018.

Malaysian Standard (MS) Development Process

• Steps include: Project Proposal, NSC Approval, Funding & Prioritization, Drafting, Public Comments, Verification, Minister's Approval, and Declaration of the MS.