Podcast
Questions and Answers
Match the viral diseases with their respective family:
Match the viral diseases with their respective family:
Rotavirus = Reoviridae Coronavirus = Coronaviridae Pestivirus (BVD) = Flaviviridae Rinderpest = Paramyxoviridae
Match the diseases with their primary clinical signs:
Match the diseases with their primary clinical signs:
Rinderpest = Severe bloody diarrhea Malignant catarrhal fever = Conjunctivitis and corneal edema Foot-and-mouth disease = Vesicles on coronary bands Bluetongue disease = Fever and pulmonary symptoms
Match the age groups with associated viral diseases in calves:
Match the age groups with associated viral diseases in calves:
1-2 weeks old = Rotavirus < 3 weeks old = Coronavirus Persistent Infection = Pestivirus (BVD) All ages = Rinderpest
Match the gross findings with the corresponding disease:
Match the gross findings with the corresponding disease:
Match the diseases with their primary transmission characteristics:
Match the diseases with their primary transmission characteristics:
Match the diseases with their associated differential diagnostic features:
Match the diseases with their associated differential diagnostic features:
Match the time of gestation with its potential consequence regarding Pestivirus (BVD):
Match the time of gestation with its potential consequence regarding Pestivirus (BVD):
Match the viral disease with its distinct histological finding:
Match the viral disease with its distinct histological finding:
Match the following bacterial diseases with their characteristics:
Match the following bacterial diseases with their characteristics:
Match the following types of Clostridium perfringens with their effects:
Match the following types of Clostridium perfringens with their effects:
Match the following Salmonella serotypes with their associated conditions:
Match the following Salmonella serotypes with their associated conditions:
Match the following characteristics with their respective Salmonella diseases:
Match the following characteristics with their respective Salmonella diseases:
Match the following Clostridium perfringens strains with their toxins:
Match the following Clostridium perfringens strains with their toxins:
Match the following symptoms with their associated Clostridium perfringens type:
Match the following symptoms with their associated Clostridium perfringens type:
Match the following conditions with their effects on cattle:
Match the following conditions with their effects on cattle:
Match the following descriptions with the respective animal species affected:
Match the following descriptions with the respective animal species affected:
Match the following viral diseases with their primary characteristics:
Match the following viral diseases with their primary characteristics:
Match the following pathogens with the species they primarily affect:
Match the following pathogens with the species they primarily affect:
Match the following symptoms with the corresponding diseases:
Match the following symptoms with the corresponding diseases:
Match the disease with its main histological finding:
Match the disease with its main histological finding:
Match the following enteric diseases with their cause:
Match the following enteric diseases with their cause:
Match the following viral families with their diseases:
Match the following viral families with their diseases:
Match the following infections with their consequences:
Match the following infections with their consequences:
Match the following animal species with their susceptibility:
Match the following animal species with their susceptibility:
Match the following descriptions with the appropriate disease:
Match the following descriptions with the appropriate disease:
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Study Notes
Bovine Viral Enteritis
- Rotavirus (1-2 weeks old)
- Coronavirus (calves < 3 weeks old)
- Pestivirus (BVD)
- Rinderpest
- Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF)
Rinderpest
- Highly contagious viral disease of cattle
- Family: Paramyxoviridae, Genus: morbillivirus (RNA)
- High fever, anorexia, decreased milk yield
- Nasal/ocular mucopurulent discharge, severe bloody diarrhea, dehydration, shock, death
- Gross findings: Focal erosions and ulcers of the upper GI, hemorrhagic, necrotic, edematous Peyer’s patches, hemorrhage and congestion of cecum, colon, rectum (zebra stripes)
- Microscopic findings: Lymphoid necrosis, necrosis of intestinal crypts, syncytia, intracytoplasmic & intranuclear inclusion bodies
Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD)
- Acute, highly contagious, worldwide disease of cattle
- Family: Flaviviridae, Genus: Pestivirus
- High morbidity and mortality, fever, diarrhea, pneumonia
- Gross findings: Erosions and ulcerations of the GI, linear esophageal ulcerations, Peyer's patches swollen, necrohemorrhagic
- Infection at various stages of gestation can lead to fetal death, abortion, mummification, congenital defects (cerebellar hypoplasia), or persistent infection
Rotavirus and Coronavirus
- Common causes of calf diarrhea
- Attack the villi of the small intestine
- Rotavirus (1-2 weeks old), Coronavirus (calves < 3 weeks old)
- Often associated with each other and other diarrhea pathogens
Ovine Viral Enteritis
- Blue Tongue
- Pest des Petits Ruminants (PPR)
Blue Tongue
- Non-contagious viral disease transmitted with Culicoides
- Reoviridae family, orbivirus genus
- Sheep are the most susceptible species, goats and cattle are susceptible
- Gross findings: Ulcerations and crust of the skin, mucosa of oral and nasal cavity, edema and cyanosis of the tongue, laminitis and coronitis
- Hemorrhage in the tunica media at the base of the pulmonary artery (Pathognomonic)
- Congenital anomalies (Hydranencephaly), abortion
Pest des Petits Ruminants (PPR)
- Viral disease (Morbillivirus) of goats and sheep
- Oculonasal discharge, pneumonia (bronchointerstitial), stomatitis, diarrhea
- Syncytia: Multinucleated cell
- Intracytoplasmic/intranuclear inclusions
- Linear hemorrhages
Feline Viral Enteritis
- Feline panleukopenia
- Feline infectious peritonitis
Feline Panleukopenia
- Parvovirus
- Young cats
- Rapidly dividing cells in intestine, bone marrow, and lymphoid organs
- Crypt necrosis and loss, villous atrophy
- Intranuclear inclusions
- Hyperemia and hemorrhage of the intestinal wall
- Cerebellar hypoplasia
Feline Infectious Peritonitis
- Mutated enteric Coronavirus infection
- Multisystemic disease
- Two forms: Wet (effusive) and Dry (pyogranulomas)
- Serofibrinous peritonitis & pleuritis
- Multiple white nodules (pyogranulomas) on the serosal surface of the small intestine
Canine Viral Enteritis
- Canine parvovirus enteritis (CPV-2)
- Canine distemper
Canine Parvovirus Enteritis
- Similar to feline disease
- Interstitial myocarditis in puppies (rare)
Canine Distemper
- Morbillivirus
- Enteritis, encephalitis, pneumonia
Bacterial Enteritis
- Colibacillosis
- Salmonellosis
- Enterotoxemia (Clostridium perfringens)
Colibacillosis
- Gram-negative bacteria
- Non-virulant strains are considered normal flora
- Most common cause of neonatal diarrhea in calves and pigs
- Enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC): Ingestion of virulent bacteria > adherence to small intestinal enterocytes > toxin production > diarrhea
Salmonellosis
- Important zoonosis worldwide
- Fecal-oral route of transmission
- Disease Forms: Septicemic, Acute Enteric, Chronic Enteric
- Most animals are symptomless carriers
- Stressors and diseases that compromise immune competence or disrupt the enteric bacterial ecosystem are often implicated
Enterotoxemia
- Caused by Clostridium perfringens
- Characterized by sudden death in well-nourished animals, necrotizing/hemorrhagic enterocolitis and toxemia
- Gram positive, sporulating, anaerobic bacillus
- Five strains (A-E) based on production of exotoxins (alpha, beta, epsilon, and iota)
- Epsilon toxin (ETX) is the third most potent clostridial toxin
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