9 Penile and preputial Surgery Part B

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Download our mobile app to listen on the go

Get App

Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of a penile hematoma in bulls, considering the anatomical and behavioral factors?

Prolonged exposure to cold temperatures, leading to tissue damage and hematoma formation.
Excessive stretching of the penis due to congenital defects.
Bending of the penis against the escutcheon of a cow, combined with retraction by the retractor penis muscle. (correct)
Direct trauma from external sources during fights.

Why is the dorsal aspect of the Corpus Cavernosum Penis (CCP) more prone to rupture during a penile hematoma?

The ventral aspect is protected by the tunica albuginea, offering greater resistance to rupture.
The dorsal aspect is thinner and less elastic compared to the ventral aspect, making it more susceptible to rupture under pressure. (correct)
The dorsal aspect is directly connected to the retractor penis muscle, increasing tension.
The ventral aspect contains the urethra, which provides additional structural support against rupture.

What is the MOST critical consideration when surgically managing a penile hematoma to ensure optimal healing and prevent complications?

Aseptic technique during the procedure to prevent infection. (correct)
Administering broad-spectrum antibiotics post-operatively.
Using a two-layer closure technique to reinforce the surgical site.
Ensuring complete sexual rest for at least 30 days after surgery.

How does the size of the penile hematoma influence the choice between medical and surgical management, and what prognosis is associated with each?

Hematomas < 20 cm have a similar prognosis with either medical or surgical treatment, while those > 20 cm have a better prognosis with surgery. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What specific factor during the diagnosis of a Penile Hematoma helps differentiate a base of scrotum hematoma from a potential preputial orifice abscess?

Physical examination and location assessment. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST likely long-term complication of penile injury in bulls, considering the healing process and anatomical structures involved?

Formation of adhesions, resulting in restriction of penile mobility. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In cases of penile hematoma, how does the volume of blood accumulation relate to breeding attempts post-injury, and what implications does this have for management?

The volume of blood is proportional to the number of breeding attempts; more attempts exacerbate the hematoma. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST appropriate initial diagnostic step to differentiate between a penile hematoma and other conditions presenting with similar clinical signs, such as a preputial abscess?

Conducting a thorough physical examination, including careful palpation and location assessment. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the rationale behind recommending sexual rest as a component of medical management for penile hematomas, and how does it facilitate healing?

Sexual rest minimizes further trauma to the affected area, allowing for clot stabilization and tissue repair. (D) Signup and view all the answers

During surgical reconstruction of the tunica following evacuation of a penile hematoma, what is the significance of meticulously apposing the tissue layers, and how does this impact long-term outcomes?

Precise apposition reduces the risk of postoperative adhesions, thereby preserving penile mobility and function. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do vascular shunts contribute to complications following penile injury, and what specific physiological effect do they have on erectile function?

Vascular shunts divert blood away from the corpus cavernosum, resulting in erectile dysfunction. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Considering the anatomy of the penis, why is ventral rupture leading to the urethra rare?

The urethra is located on the ventral aspect and provides structural support. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In surgical management of a penile hematoma, what clinical sign would indicate a need to reconstruct the tunica?

Severe disruption of tissue evident after evacuation. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal in managing prepucial conditions affecting breeding soundness in bulls?

To resolve any condition affecting normal mating. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What specific anatomical structure is intentionally altered in a penopexy procedure, and for what functional purpose?

The sigmoid flexure, to prevent penile extension. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the MAIN objective of performing a penile and preputial diversion, also known as a 'sidewinder' procedure, in bulls?

To create a teaser bull by preventing natural mating. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What considerations are MOST important when deciding between GA and sedation+local anesthesia for surgical management of penile hematoma?

Severity of the hematoma and patient temperament. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it critical to achieve meticulous hemostasis during surgical treatment of penile hematomas, especially within the corpus cavernosum?

A and C. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following BEST describes the MOST effective approach to manage adhesions resulting from penile injury to restore normal function?

Surgical intervention to release adhesions. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST significant advantage of using hydrotherapy or therapeutic ultrasound as part of the medical management for penile hematomas?

To induce localized vasodilation, improving blood flow and promoting tissue repair. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Considering the mechanics of penile injury leading to hematoma formation, which factor is MOST likely to predispose a bull to recurrent episodes?

Poor conformation, increasing the risk of penile bending and trauma. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How is the prognosis of return to breeding influenced by adherence to a 60 day sexual rest period post medical or surgical treatment of a penile hematoma?

It is critical for adequate tissue healing and has a positive impact on the bull's chances of returning to breeding soundness. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In cases where surgical exploration is necessary for diagnosing penile conditions, what specific findings would warrant a decision to perform a biopsy?

Identification of abnormal tissue growths or masses suggesting neoplasia. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do NSAIDs aid in the medical management of penile hematomas, and what is their primary mechanism of action in this context?

By reducing inflammation and pain through inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is fine needle aspiration performed aseptically?

To minimize the risk of introducing infection into the hematoma or surrounding tissues. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In epididymectomy, how does texture of the vas deferens confirm you've removed the correct tissue?

The vas deferens has columnar epithelium, whereas blood vessels have squamous. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to follow a bull post-operatively after penile surgeries?

To assess the sutures and ensure the bull is following sexual rest. (C) Signup and view all the answers

If an overzealous breeder is at risk of Penile Hematoma, why might this be?

His aim is bad during breeding. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do you diagnose Warts/Fibropapilloma on the penis?

All of the above. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In what direction is Penile Deviation most commonly observed?

Ventrally. (C) Signup and view all the answers

With regards to complications from Penile Injury, what is the primary outcome that is associated with severe Adhesions?

Restriction of mobility. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why may it be necessary to aseptically evacuate a penile hematoma?

All of the above. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic technique can determine if a Hematoma has evolved into an Abscess?

All of the above. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST important consideration when determining if surgical exploration is required after penile hematoma?

Extent of the original damage. (A) Signup and view all the answers

If a bull is successfully treated for a Penile hematoma, what % of bulls will return to breeding?

About 75%. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do penile and preputial lacerations negatively affect breeding soundness in bulls?

They typically do impair breeding soundness, and should be addressed. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What two disease of the penis are most common?

Fibropapilloma and hematoma. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Penile Hematoma

A hematoma of the penis in bulls caused by bending of the penis against the escutcheon of the cow.

Causes of Penile Hematoma

Bending of the penis, often against the escutcheon of the cow. Restraint by retractor penis muscle. Rupture of CCP dorsal aspect of penis opposite RP muscle

Diagnosing a Penile Hematoma

History, PE, Palpation, Ultrasound, Fine needle aspirate, Surgical exploration

Treatment Decision for Penile Hematoma

Less than 20 cm width has the same prognosis with medical or surgical treatment. Greater than 20 cm width has better prognosis with surgery.