Botany Quiz: Growth Stages of Bean and Corn Plants
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Questions and Answers

Which of these features characterises the vegetative growth stage in both bean and corn plants?

  • Both plants start developing their root systems (correct)
  • The plant's primary focus shifts to maximizing seed production
  • The plants rely solely on stored nutrients for growth
  • Development of flowers and fruits begins

    • How does the root system differ between bean and corn plants in the vegetative growth stage?

  • Both plants develop taproot systems
  • Bean plants develop fibrous root systems, while corn plants develop taproot systems
  • Corn plants develop fibrous root systems, while bean plants develop taproot systems (correct)
  • Both plants develop fibrous root systems

    • What is the primary source of energy for both bean and corn plants during the vegetative growth stage?

  • Fertilization of the female flowers
  • Photosynthesis by the leaves (correct)
  • Wind pollination of the flowers
  • Stored nutrients from the seed

    • How does the flowering process differ between bean and corn plants?

    <p>Bean plants are self-pollinated, while corn plants depend on wind pollination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the fruit formation and maturation stage, how do bean and corn plants differ with respect to their seeds?

    <p>Bean seeds are contained within pods, while corn seeds are developed directly on the cob (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage of germination are the cotyledons pushed above the soil?

    <p>Epigeal Germination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the coleoptile in a corn plant?

    <p>To protect the plumule as it grows towards light (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT essential for seed germination?

    <p>Light (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the embryonic root of a plant?

    <p>Radicle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plant completes its life cycle in one growing season?

    <p>Annual (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary food source for a bean seedling during the seedling growth stage?

    <p>Cotyledons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a reason why growth may slow down or stop after a certain time?

    <p>Limited space for root development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is TRUE about the growth patterns of annual plants?

    <p>Annual plants produce seeds before dying. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the seed is responsible for providing food to the developing plant until it can photosynthesize?

    <p>Cotyledons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the radicle?

    <p>To absorb water and nutrients from the soil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these seed dispersal methods involves sticky or hooked seeds?

    <p>Animal dispersal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of seed dispersal?

    <p>To ensure that seeds are dispersed to areas with minimal competition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT required for seed germination?

    <p>Light (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first stage of seed germination?

    <p>Water absorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these statements accurately describes the trend in the bean plant's growth shown on the graph?

    <p>The height of the plant increases slowly at first and then accelerates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the trend in the growth of the bean plant, what would you predict its height to be at Week 8?

    <p>Around 55 cm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the petals in a flower?

    <p>Attraction of pollinators (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a benefit of cross-pollination?

    <p>Reduction in seed dispersal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the flower develops into the fruit?

    <p>Ovary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cotyledons in a seed?

    <p>Storage of food for the young plant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is an example of a true fruit?

    <p>Mango (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pericarp?

    <p>Protection of the seeds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma of the same flower?

    <p>Self-pollination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a plumule and a radicle?

    <p>The plumule develops into the shoot, while the radicle develops into the root. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Embryo

    The developing plant inside a seed, consisting of cotyledons and immature shoots.

    Cotyledons

    Seed leaves that provide a food source for the embryo until true leaves appear.

    Radicle

    The young root of a plant, emerging first from the seed to absorb water and nutrients.

    Plumule

    The young shoot of a plant that grows upwards, developing into the stem and leaves.

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    Seed Dispersal

    The process of spreading seeds away from the parent plant to reduce competition.

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    Wind Dispersal

    A seed dispersal method where lightweight seeds are carried by the wind.

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    Germination

    The process by which a seed develops into a new plant under suitable conditions.

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    Stages of Germination

    The sequence including water absorption, enzyme activation, radicle, and plumule emergence.

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    Sexual reproduction in plants

    The fusion of gametes resulting in seeds and fruits.

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    Parts of a flower

    Includes petals, sepals, stamen, and pistil.

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    Pollination

    The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma.

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    Types of pollination

    Includes self-pollination and cross-pollination.

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    Zygote development

    The zygote divides and differentiates into an embryo.

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    Seed structure

    Includes embryo, cotyledons, and endosperm.

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    Fruit formation

    The ovary enlarges post-fertilization to form a fruit.

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    True vs False fruits

    True fruits develop from the ovary; false fruits from other parts.

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    Coleoptile

    The protective sheath covering emerging leaves in monocotyledons like corn.

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    Vegetative Growth Stage

    A stage where plants expand leaves and roots to support growth and photosynthesis.

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    Flowering Stage

    Stage where plants develop flowers for reproduction; beans self-pollinate, corn relies on wind.

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    Kernel Development

    The process where fertilized silk strands in corn develop into kernels filled with starch.

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    Conditions for Germination

    Three essential factors: water, oxygen, and temperature are required for seed germination.

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    Role of Water in Germination

    Water softens the seed coat and activates enzymes, aiding nutrient transport.

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    Oxygen in Seed Growth

    Oxygen is vital for aerobic respiration, necessary for energy during growth.

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    Temperature Influence

    Different seeds germinate at different temperature ranges, affecting enzyme activity.

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    Epigeal Germination

    In dicots like beans, cotyledons emerge above soil, aiding in photosynthesis.

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    Hypogeal Germination

    In monocots like corn, cotyledons remain underground while the plant grows.

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    Growth Stages of Plants

    Annual plants grow from germination to fruiting in one growing season.

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    Role of Cotyledons

    Cotyledons provide initial nutrients during the early growth stage of plants.

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    Study Notes

    Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

    • Sexual reproduction in plants involves the fusion of gametes, forming seeds and fruits.
    • Flowers are the reproductive structures of plants.
    • Flower parts include petals, sepals, stamen, and pistil (carpel).
    • Petals attract pollinators; sepals protect the flower bud.

    Pollination

    • Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma.
    • Types include self-pollination (within the same flower) and cross-pollination (between different flowers).
    • Cross-pollination increases genetic diversity and adaptation to changing environments.
    • Agents of pollination include wind, water, insects, birds, and other small animals.

    Wind-Pollinated Flowers

    • Small, inconspicuous petals or no petals.
    • No scent or nectar.
    • Large quantities of light, dry pollen.
    • Long filaments and large anthers for wind dispersal.
    • Large, feathery stigmas to catch pollen.

    Insect-Pollinated Flowers

    • Large, brightly colored petals (to attract insects).
    • Often scented and/or produce nectar to attract insects.
    • Smaller quantities of rough or sticky pollen that adheres to insects.
    • Stiff filaments and anthers inside the flower.
    • Small, stiff, sticky stigmas to capture pollen from insects.

    Fertilization

    • After pollination, the male gamete reaches the female gamete for fertilization.
    • A pollen grain lands on the stigma and develops a pollen tube.
    • The tube grows, carrying the male gamete through the style to the ovary.
    • The male gamete fuses with the female gamete to form a zygote.
    • Each ovule develops into a seed.
    • The ovary wall develops into the fruit.
    • The fruit protects and helps disperse the seeds.

    Seed Formation

    • Zygote develops into an embryo.
    • Ovule transforms into the seed, with a seed coat (testa).
    • Embryo develops from a young shoot (plumule), radicle (root), and cotyledons (food stores).
    • Parts of a seed include the embryo, cotyledons, and seed coat.

    Fruit Formation

    • Ovary develops into fruit, forming pericarp (fruit wall).
    • Types of fruits include true fruits (develop from ovary only) and false fruits (develop from other flower parts).
    • Functions of fruits include seed protection and dispersal.

    Seed Dispersal

    • Seeds must be spread from the parent plant.
    • Methods include wind, water, and animal dispersal.
    • Wind-dispersed seeds are light and have wings or feathery structures.
    • Water-dispersed seeds float.
    • Animal-dispersed seeds are in fleshy fruits or have hooks or barbs.
    • Mechanical dispersal involves fruits that burst open.

    Germination

    • Germination needs water, oxygen, and suitable temperature for seeds to sprout.
    • Water softens the seed coat and activates enzymes.
    • Oxygen is needed for respiration.
    • Suitable temperature activates enzymes.

    Growth Patterns in Plants

    • Three main conditions for seed germination are water, oxygen, and suitable temperature.
    • Annual plants complete their life cycle in one season.
    • Beans (dicots) and corn (monocots) have different growth patterns.
    • Bean: epigeal germination (cotyledons above ground).
    • Corn: hypogeal germination (cotyledons below ground).
    • Stages of growth after germination include seedling, vegetative, flowering, and fruit formation.

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    4th Integrated Science: Sexual Reproduction in Plants (PDF)

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the vegetative growth stages of bean and corn plants. This quiz covers topics such as root systems, energy sources, flowering processes, and seed maturation. Understand the different life cycles and essential conditions for germination in these plants.

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