Botany Chapter: Plant Epidermal Tissues

A type of plant tissue made up of only one type of cell.

A type of plant tissue made up of many different types of cells.

A type of simple tissue that makes up the majority of plant organs, its cells are often round and have thin walls.

The parenchyma's cells are thin and composed of cellulose.

Parenchyma can perform functions like photosynthesis, storage, and secretion.

A type of simple tissue found beneath the epidermis, its cells have thickened corners, providing support.

Collenchyma cells are thickened at the corners with cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin.

Collenchyma is often found in dicotyledonous plants.

A type of vascular tissue in plants that transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the stem and leaves.

Elongated cells with thick, lignified walls and tapering ends. They are dead and lack protoplasm. They are responsible for water transportation.

Long, cylindrical tubes formed by many cells called vessel members. Each vessel member has lignified walls and a large central cavity. They are dead cells and are interconnected by perforations in their common walls.

Highly thickened walls and obliterated central lumens. They provide structural support to the plant. They can be septate or aseptate.

Living cells with thin walls, composed of cellulose. They store food materials like starch, fats, and other substances.

The first formed primary xylem.

The later formed primary xylem.

The arrangement of primary xylem in stems, where the protoxylem is towards the center (pith) and the metaxylem is towards the periphery.

A type of simple plant tissue composed of elongated, narrow cells with thick, lignified cell walls. These cells are often dead and lack protoplasts. They provide structural support to plants.

Sclerenchyma cells that are long, narrow, and often found in groups. They provide strength and flexibility to plant tissues.

Sclerenchyma cells that are short and variable in shape, often spherical or oval. They are commonly found in fruit walls, seed coats, and leaves, adding rigidity.

Thickened cell walls in sclerenchyma cells that contain lignin, a complex organic polymer that provides strength and rigidity.

A type of complex tissue found in plants, composed of two primary cell types: xylem and phloem.

A type of vascular tissue responsible for transporting water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

A type of vascular tissue responsible for transporting sugars and other organic compounds throughout the plant.

The empty space inside a cell, surrounded by the cell wall. In sclerenchyma cells, it is often narrow due to the thick cell wall.

The outermost layer of the plant body, covering roots, stems, and leaves. It forms a protective barrier and regulates gas exchange.

Specialized cells that form pores in the epidermis, allowing for gas exchange and transpiration.

Bean-shaped cells surrounding the stomatal pore, responsible for opening and closing the stomata.

A waxy coating on the epidermis that prevents water loss. It's NOT present in roots.

Hair-like structures on the epidermis, especially abundant on roots where they absorb water and minerals.

Hair-like structures on the stem, providing protection and reducing water loss.

Specialized epidermal cells surrounding guard cells, helping regulate stomatal function.

The structure consisting of the stomatal pore, guard cells, and surrounding subsidiary cells.

The cambial ring actively produces new cells both inwards and outwards.

Cells produced inwards from the cambium mature into secondary xylem, while cells produced outwards mature into secondary phloem.

The cambium produces more secondary xylem than secondary phloem, leading to the formation of a compact xylem mass.

Primary and secondary phloem are compressed due to the accumulation of secondary xylem.

Narrow bands of parenchyma that extend radially through the secondary xylem and phloem.

During spring, the cambium is highly active and produces large xylary elements with wide vessels, resulting in lighter colored, less dense wood called spring wood.

During winter, the cambium is less active and produces smaller xylary elements with narrower vessels, resulting in darker colored, denser wood called autumn wood.

The alternating layers of spring wood and autumn wood form annual rings, providing an estimate of the tree's age.

A layer of cells that forms the outermost part of the stele in plant roots, located just inside the endodermis. It's important for lateral root development and the formation of vascular cambium during secondary growth.

The central core of a plant root, composed of parenchyma cells. It's usually small or inconspicuous in dicot roots.

A tissue found between the xylem and phloem in vascular plants. It helps connect these tissues and provides support.

The collective tissues located on the inner side of the endodermis in a root, including the pericycle, vascular bundles, and pith. It constitutes the central core of the root.

The single, continuous layer of cells that surrounds the vascular tissue in plant roots. It controls the movement of water and nutrients into the vascular tissue.

In monocots, the roots typically have more than six xylem bundles, which is why they're often called polyarch

Unlike dicot roots, monocot roots do not undergo secondary growth, meaning they don't thicken in diameter.