Botany Chapter: Plant Epidermal Tissues

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the cuticle in the epidermis?

Providing structural support

Preventing water loss (correct)

Regulating gas exchange

Absorbing water and minerals

Which components make up the stomatal apparatus?

Stomatal pore, guard cells, and subsidiary cells (correct)

Stomatal pore and cuticle

Trichomes and guard cells

Epidermal cells and root hairs

What type of cells primarily compose the epidermis?

Sclerenchymatous cells

Collenchymatous cells

Xylem vessel cells

Parenchymatous cells (correct)

What is the role of guard cells in the stomata?

To regulate the opening and closing of the stomatal pore Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the cuticle is correct?

It prevents excessive transpiration. Signup and view all the answers

What type of hairs are root hairs classified as?

Unicellular elongations of the epidermal cells Signup and view all the answers

In grasses, what is the shape of the guard cells?

Dumb-bell shaped Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue systems does the epidermal tissue system belong to?

Dermal tissue system Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes permanent tissues in plants?

They consist of either similar or different types of cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a simple tissue in plants?

Phloem Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of parenchyma in plants?

Photosynthesis, storage, and secretion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the structure of collenchyma cells?

They have thickened corners and thin walls. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of simple tissue is primarily involved in storage?

Parenchyma Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of parenchyma cell walls?

Cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin Signup and view all the answers

How do complex tissues differ from simple tissues in plants?

Complex tissues consist of multiple types of cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about parenchyma cells is accurate?

They can be found tightly packed with little intercellular space. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of xylem in plants?

Conduct water and minerals from roots to other parts Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components of xylem lacks protoplasm?

Both B and C Signup and view all the answers

Which type of xylem is formed first during plant development?

Protoxylem Signup and view all the answers

How are vessel members in angiosperms connected?

Via perforations in common walls Signup and view all the answers

What is a key distinguishing feature of gymnosperms compared to angiosperms regarding xylem?

Absence of vessels Signup and view all the answers

In which arrangement of primary xylem does protoxylem lie towards the center of the organ?

Endarch Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of xylem parenchyma?

Store food materials Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of xylem?

Phloem parenchyma Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is common to collenchymatous cells?

They contain chloroplasts. Signup and view all the answers

What type of plant tissue is primarily responsible for providing mechanical support?

Sclerenchyma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes sclerenchyma cells?

They typically have few or numerous pits. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sclerenchyma cell is elongated and pointed?

Fibres Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the plant would you most likely find sclereids?

In the walls of fruit and seeds. Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of complex tissues in plants?

Xylem and phloem. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding parenchyma cells?

They are involved in food storage and assimilation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pericycle in monocotyledonous roots?

Initiation of lateral roots and vascular cambium Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the pith in dicotyledonous roots?

It is small or inconspicuous Signup and view all the answers

How many xylem bundles are typically present in monocotyledonous roots?

More than six (polyarch) Signup and view all the answers

What tissue lies between the xylem and phloem?

Conjunctive tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of monocotyledonous roots compared to dicotyledonous roots?

Higher number of vascular bundles Signup and view all the answers

Which layer serves as the outermost protective layer of a dicotyledonous stem?

Epidermis Signup and view all the answers

What does the stele consist of in a root?

All tissues inside the endodermis Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT part of the anatomy of a monocot root?

Vascular cambium Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the cells cut off towards the inner side of the cambial ring?

They mature into secondary xylem. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic distinguishes spring wood from autumn wood?

Spring wood is lighter in color with wider vessels. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cambial ring in plants?

It produces new cells for secondary growth. Signup and view all the answers

What does the formation of secondary medullary rays indicate?

Occurrence of parenchyma within xylem and phloem. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the primary phloem getting crushed over time?

Continuous formation of secondary xylem. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances contribute to the dark coloration of heartwood?

Tannins, resins, and oils. Signup and view all the answers

How can annual rings be used to determine the age of a tree?

By counting the number of rings present. Signup and view all the answers

What functional difference exists between sapwood and heartwood?

Sapwood transports water, while heartwood mainly provides structural support. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Plants exhibit structural similarities and variations like animals
Plant anatomy studies the internal structure and organization of plants
Cells are the basic unit, organized into tissues, then organs
Monocots and dicots differ anatomically
Tissues are groups of cells with shared function and origin
Tissues are classified as meristematic or permanent

Meristematic Tissues

Growth restricted to specialized regions (meristems)
Meristems are active cell division sites
Apical meristems produce primary tissues at root and shoot tips
Intercalary meristems occur between mature tissues, important for regeneration in grasses

Permanent Tissues

Cells of permanent tissues do not divide further
Simple tissues have similar cells (parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma)
Complex tissues have multiple cell types (xylem, phloem)
Parenchyma is the major component in plant organs, with generally isodiametric cells with thin cell walls. It is involved in photosynthesis, storage, and secretion.
Collenchyma occurs in layers below the epidermis in dicots, with thickened corners due to cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. It provides mechanical support to growing parts.
Sclerenchyma has long, narrow cells with thick, lignified walls and pits; usually dead, providing mechanical support
Xylem conducts water and minerals from roots; composed of tracheids, vessels, fibers, and parenchyma
Phloem transports food, composed of sieve tube elements, companion cells, fibers, and parenchyma

Tissue Systems

Epidermal tissue system forms the outer covering, including epidermal cells, stomata, and trichomes
Ground tissue system encompasses all tissues except epidermis and vascular bundles, like parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma in the cortex, pith and medullary rays
Vascular tissue system consists of xylem and phloem, arranged in vascular bundles
Monocot stems have scattered vascular bundles without cambium, whereas dicot stems have vascular bundles arranged in a ring with cambium, allowing secondary growth

Anatomy of Dicot and Monocot Plants

Different internal structures in dicots and monocots
Root structure differs with the arrangement of xylem and phloem bundles
Dicot stem vascular bundles arranged in a ring
Monocot stems have scattered vascular bundles
Monocot and dicot roots differ in number of xylem bundles
Dicot leaves are dorsiventral with distinct upper and lower epidermis and mesophyll
Monocot leaves are isobilateral with epidermis on both sides

Secondary Growth

Growth in girth and width (beyond primary growth)
Occurs in dicots (and some gymnosperms), through vascular cambium and cork cambium
Vascular cambium forms secondary xylem and phloem; increasing girth
Cork cambium forms a protective outer layer (periderm)
Springwood and autumnwood are wood types that form annual rings
Heartwood is the dark, dense inner wood, while sapwood is the light-colored outer wood involved in water transport

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Description

Test your knowledge on the structures and functions of epidermal tissues in plants with this quiz. Questions cover aspects such as the cuticle, stomatal apparatus, and various types of cells involved in plant epidermis. Ideal for students studying botany and plant biology.