BOT 101 - تصنيف الممالك الخمسة

BOT 101 - Practical Botany

• Course is prepared by Dr. Reem Mohamed Salah El-Din (Lecturer of Plant Taxonomy, Botany), Fatma Abdel Naby (Assistant Lecturer, Botany) and Dr. Reem Mohamed Salah El-Din (Lecturer of Plant Taxonomy, Botany)
• Course covers Plant Taxonomy, Microbiology, and Chemistry
• Level 1, 1 semester

Five Kingdoms Classification

• Kingdom Monera: Prokaryotic, unicellular, absorb/photosynthesize, asexual, motile/nonmotile
• Kingdom Protists: Eukaryotic, unicellular or multicellular, absorb/ingest/photosynthesize, sexual and asexual, motile/nonmotile
• Kingdom Fungi: Eukaryotic, unicellular or multicellular, absorb, sexual and asexual
• Kingdom Plants: Eukaryotic, multicellular, photosynthesize, non-motile, sexual
• Kingdom Animals: Eukaryotic, multicellular, ingest, motile, sexual

Microscope Parts and Use

• Ocular (Eyepiece): The lens you look through
• Body Tube: Connects the eyepiece and objective lenses
• Objective Lenses: Magnify the image
• Revolving Nosepiece: Rotates to change objective lens
• Stage: Platform to hold the specimen
• Clips: Secure the slide
• Condenser: Focuses light on the specimen
• Iris Diaphragm: Adjusts the amount of light
• Coarse Adjustment: Moves the stage up and down for initial focusing
• Fine Adjustment: Makes fine adjustments for sharper images
• Base: Supports the microscope
• Arm: Supports the microscope body
• Mirror or Illumination: Reflects light onto the specimen

Economic Botany - Classification of Economically Important Plants

• Plants are classified based on their economic importance in terms of providing food, fibers, wood, gums, tannins, dyes, medicines, and fragrances, oils, etc.
• Food plants (legumes, cereals, vegetables, fruits, sweeteners, spices)
• Fibers (cotton, flax)
• Wood
• Gums, Tannins, Dyes
• Medicinal Plants
• Aromatic Plants

Detailed Examples of Economic Botany (Pages 5-7, 9-11, 14-15, and 18)

• Legumes: (Beans, lentils, chickpeas, soybeans), used for human and animal food.
• Cereals: (Wheat, rice, corn), major sources of carbohydrates.
• Vegetables: (Potatoes, sweet potatoes, carrots, radish, spinach, cabbage, etc.) Used for food for humans
• Fruits: (Apple, banana, orange, lemon), used as human food and beverages.
• Spices: (Ginger, turmeric, cardamom, coriander, cinnamon, cloves, anise, cumin, flax etc) as flavor enhancers for food.
• Oils: (Cottonseed oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, olive oil), used for cooking and other applications.
• Fibers: (Cotton, flax), used for clothing and other textiles.
• Wood: (Timber), used for construction and manufacturing purposes.
• Gums: (Gum arabic), used in adhesives, food, and other products.

Examples of Medicinal Plants (Pages 7, 18, & 26 - 27 and 29)

• Specific plant example (e.g., Ginger, turmeric, clove, cinnamon, etc)
• Beneficial properties for human health (e.g., digestion, pain relief, inflammation)
• Parts of the plant or type of product extracted (e.g., roots, bark, leaves, flowers) used for these medicinal purposes

Other Plant Groups (Pages 10-11, 14-19, 21,& 22)

• Miscellaneous plants: These could include plants that are processed or extracted for the use in medicine, or extracts from their barks, oils, etc for specific uses or purposes.

Sugars, Beverages, and Spices

• Sugarcane, used for sugar extraction and other materials
• Beets, used for sugar extraction and animal feed
• Tea and coffee are popular beverages made from plants.
• Cacao: source of cocoa and chocolate
• Various spices: different plants used in food preparation for flavor.

Resins, Gums, etc. (Page 23-24)

• Gum arabic: extracted from the Acacia tree; used in various industrial applications and in medicine
• Other resins: (e.g., frankincense, myrrh); used in traditional medicine and other applications

Additional sections about medicinal uses of plants and products extracted from plants

• Various plants and plant subgroups; and the different ways they are used in medicine.