Questions and Answers
What did the Boston Police Strike demand?
Who was the Massachusetts governor during the Boston Police Strike?
Calvin Coolidge
Adkins vs. Children's Hospital upheld minimum wage laws for women.
False
What is welfare capitalism?
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What was the significance of the Model T?
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What was the Red Scare?
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What were the Palmer Raids?
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Who was the leading American member of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom?
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What did Warren G. Harding promise in his campaign?
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What was the Kellogg-Briand Pact?
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What did the Dawes Plan attempt to address?
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What led to the revival of the KKK?
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What did the Immigration Act of 1917 ban?
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What was the Harlem Renaissance?
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Who was F. Scott Fitzgerald?
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What was significant about the film 'The Jazz Singer'?
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What does 'consumer credit' refer to?
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Study Notes
Boston Police Strike
- Aimed for union recognition; resulted in the firing of the entire police force when the strike failed.
Calvin Coolidge
- Governor of Massachusetts who supported firing police during the strike; gained public backing and became the Republican VP nominee in 1920.
Adkins vs. Children's Hospital
- Supreme Court decision that invalidated a minimum wage law for women in Washington, D.C., reversing previous gains from Muller vs. Oregon; led to a downturn in labor union membership.
Welfare Capitalism
- System promoting management's responsibility for employees’ well-being; intended to diminish union influence.
Henry Ford and the Model T
- Ford pioneered welfare capitalism and revolutionary production methods, introducing the moving assembly line; made the Model T affordable for middle-class America.
Red Scare of the 1920s
- Period marked by intense anti-communist sentiment post-WWI, leading to government raids and suspension of civil liberties against suspected subversives.
Palmer Raids
- Federal raids targeting radicals, resulting in the arrest of 6,000 individuals without legal representation; linked to Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer’s fears of a conspiracy against the government.
Sacco and Vanzetti Trial
- Italian immigrants accused of murder during a robbery; coercively sentenced to death amid biases linked to their radical affiliations, reflecting the tension of ethnic and political divides post-war.
Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
- Led by Jane Addams, advocating for peace and social justice; faced backlash during the Red Scare for its anti-imperialist stance.
Return to Normalcy
- Warren G. Harding's campaign slogan in the 1920 election, promising a restoration to pre-WWI American life.
Warren G. Harding
- Republican presidential candidate in 1920, championing policies of normalcy, which began a period of Republican dominance in government.
Washington Naval Conference
- Landmark military conference in 1921 involving 9 nations, addressing Pacific interests and marking the first arms control agreement aimed at preserving peace.
Kellogg-Briand Pact
- International agreement prohibiting war as a means of conflict resolution, initially signed by the US, Germany, and France.
Dawes Plan
- Economic proposal to resolve WWI reparations; facilitated Germany’s payments and ended Allied occupation.
Teapot Dome Scandal
- Major corruption scandal during Harding's presidency, involving bribery over oil reserve leases, leading to Secretary of the Interior Albert Fall's imprisonment.
Dollar Diplomacy
- Financial efforts to secure loans and influence through military intervention; often benefitted local elites over the intended recipients.
Prohibition and Al Capone
- Alcohol ban inspired partly by anti-German sentiment; led to illegal drinking establishments that enriched gangsters, notably Al Capone.
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)
- Founded during the Red Scare to defend free speech; involved in legal challenges against laws infringing on civil rights, including the Scopes Trial.
Scopes Trial
- 1925 case challenging Tennessee's ban on teaching evolution; represented a clash between modern and traditional values.
Immigration Act of 1917
- Legislation prohibiting entry to specific groups, including illiterates and those categorized as undesirable; imposed restrictions on Asian immigration.
Emergency Quota Act (1921)
- Introduced immigration restrictions based on nationality, enforcing a quota system to limit entries into the US.
National Origins Immigration Act (1924)
- Further tightened immigration rules; set limits based on early 20th-century demographics, dramatically reducing entries from southern and eastern Europe.
Revival of the KKK
- The resurgence of the Klan post-1920 film depicted its members favorably; gained massive support and expanded its discrimination to include immigrants and religious minorities.
Birth of a Nation
- A highly controversial film glorifying the KKK’s actions during the Reconstruction era, supported by President Wilson.
Herbert Hoover
- Republican presidential candidate in 1928; believed in minimal government intervention in the economy, influencing the onset of the Great Depression.
Harlem Renaissance
- A cultural movement in the 1920s showcasing African American arts, centered in Harlem, NYC, contributing to a renewed sense of racial identity.
Langston Hughes
- Prominent poet who voiced the optimism and pride of the Harlem Renaissance; celebrated African American beauty and cultural heritage.
Zora Neale Hurston
- Influential writer emphasizing African American culture's vibrancy independent of oppression narratives; documented Southern Black folklore.
Jazz Age
- Cultural era beginning in the 1920s, characterized by the rise of jazz music, blending influences like blues and ragtime for innovative improvisation.
Louis Armstrong
- Influential jazz trumpeter from New Orleans known for his improvisational skills; played a key role in shaping jazz as a major music genre.
Duke Ellington
- Renowned jazz composer and bandleader in the 1920s, contributing significantly to the evolution of jazz music.
Marcus Garvey
- Founded the UNIA advocating for Black nationalism and the separation of black and white societies; faced legal barriers leading to the organization's decline.
Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)
- Aimed to organize Black workers and promote Black separatism, facilitating trade with Africa and advocating for the rights of African Americans.
Lost Generation
- Term coined by Gertrude Stein describing artists and writers disillusioned by WWI and feeling alienated from mainstream American culture during the 1920s.
F. Scott Fitzgerald and The Great Gatsby
- Novelist critiquing American society's materialism and moral decay through the lens of the Jazz Age in his celebrated work.
Sinclair Lewis and Babbitt
- Critically depicted middle-class banalities and conformity in American society; first American Nobel laureate in literature for his incisive critiques.
Charles Lindbergh
- Aviator famed for his groundbreaking solo flight from New York to Paris; promoted advancements in commercial aviation and air mail services.
Margaret Sanger
- Birth control activist who established the first US clinic and led the movement towards reproductive rights, founding what would evolve into Planned Parenthood.
Consumer Credit
- Emergence of new borrowing options during the 1920s, such as installment plans, contributing to economic growth and precipitating the Great Depression.
Car Culture
- Auto ownership surged; Americans held 80% of the world’s cars by the decade's end, transforming industries and lifestyles through highway infrastructure and urban sprawl.
Hollywood
- Epicenter of the global film industry, producing a vast majority of films by 1920, playing a significant role in spreading American culture worldwide.
The Jazz Singer
- Pioneering 1927 film recognized as the first feature with synchronized dialogue, marking the transition to "talkies" and ending the silent film era.
Flappers
- Young women representing social and sexual liberation in the 1920s; characterized by distinctive fashion choices and a break from traditional norms.
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Description
Explore the key aspects of the Boston Police Strike and its impact on the Great Depression. Learn about significant figures like Calvin Coolidge and landmark cases like Adkins vs. Children's Hospital through informative flashcards. Test your knowledge on this critical historical event and its implications.
