Bosnian Conflict and Indigenous History Quiz

A rebel army, primarily composed of ethnic Tutsis, that invaded Rwanda from Uganda in 1990.

The Arusha Accords were a peace agreement signed in 1993 between the Rwandan government and the Rwandan Patriotic Front. It aimed to end the Rwandan Civil War, but ultimately failed. The accord was largely favorable to the RPF.

A term used in Cambodia to describe the Khmer Rouge's totalitarian regime, emphasizing its control and manipulation of all aspects of life.

The Rwandan Patriotic Front, a Tutsi-led rebel group, ended the Rwandan Genocide in 1994 and has ruled Rwanda ever since.

In 1959, the Hutu majority revolted against the Tutsi monarchy in Rwanda. This revolution resulted in the establishment of a Hutu-led government and the systematic exclusion of Tutsis from power. This historical event laid the groundwork for the Rwandan Genocide.

A term used to describe the killing of a country's own citizens, carried out by its government or its people. This was a key characteristic of the Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia.

A term associated with a group of individuals or a tightly knit network of individuals within an organization. In the context of Rwanda, it refers to the close circle of advisors and power-holders surrounding President Habyarimana, often accused of playing a role in fueling the genocide.

A group of extremists within the Rwandan Hutu government who were responsible for instigating and carrying out the 1994 genocide. They were often driven by hatred and a desire to eliminate the Tutsi population.

A term used to describe the systematic elimination of a specific ethnic group, often with the aim of preventing their existence. This was the case in Rwanda, where the Hutu government and associated militias sought to wipe out the Tutsi population.

This refers to the state's use of propaganda, particularly through radio broadcasts, to incite hatred and violence against a specific population. It is considered a key factor in driving the Rwandan genocide.

The Khmer Rouge regime's attempt to erase the past and rebuild Cambodian society according to its ideology.

A group of people considered enemies of the Khmer Rouge revolution, typically urban dwellers, intellectuals, and professionals.

A term used to describe the Cambodian genocide, emphasizing the deliberate use of starvation as a method of mass killing, similar to the Holodomor in Ukraine.

The name given to Cambodia under the rule of the Khmer Rouge regime.

A term used to describe the disintegration of the Communist Eastern bloc in the 1980s, leading to nationalist movements and calls for secession.

The spreading of the idea that Serbs were facing genocide in Yugoslavia to justify nationalist ambitions.

The 1987/89 period when Slobodan Milosevic consolidated his power in Serbia and Serbian nationalism reached its peak.

The 1990 elections in Yugoslavia where Milosevic won a landslide victory in Serbia and nationalist parties gained power in Croatia and Slovenia.

The 1991 declaration of independence by Slovenia and Croatia, sparking conflict with Serbia and its allies.

The period of significant ethnic cleansing on both sides of the Croatian conflict, with both Croats and Serbs expelling each other from their respective territories.

A war fought between Bosnian Serbs and Bosnian Muslims, with Serbs receiving support from Serbia, resulting in ethnic cleansing of Bosnian Muslims by Serbs and Croats, with the displaced Muslims congregating in larger towns.

The capital of Bosnia, besieged during the Bosnian War and declared a safe area by the UN, but still subject to violence.

A term used for Serb nationalists during World War II, often associated with resistance against the Nazi regime but also involved in atrocities against other groups.

A term used to describe Croatian fascist groups during World War II accused of mass killings of Serbs.

A symbolic battle for Serbian nationalism representing the Serbian Empire's defeat by the invading Ottoman Turks in 1389, evoking a sense of victimization and historical loss for Serbs.

A term used to describe the systematic elimination of an ethnic group, including execution, deportation, and discrimination, primarily used in this context to refer to the removal of Bosnian Muslims from their homes by Serbs and Croats.

The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, established to hold Balkan leaders accountable for genocide and crimes against humanity, including those committed during the Bosnian War.

The Serbian nationalist state declared during the Bosnian War, further fueling conflict and tensions.

A research method used to understand the motivations of individuals involved in a genocide, focusing on their personal experiences and perspectives. It involves conducting interviews with perpetrators to gain insights into their decision-making processes and the factors that influenced their actions.

A set of factors that can potentially prevent or limit the occurrence of genocide. These factors can be analyzed at different levels of analysis: international (e.g., political pressure), societal (e.g., civil society), or individual (e.g., personal values).

A set of social and psychological factors that contribute to the occurrence of genocide. These factors often include prejudice, fear, social pressure, and dehumanization of the targeted group.

A research method that focuses on understanding the individual experiences and perspectives of people involved in genocide. It aims to unpack the complex motivations and factors that contribute to the perpetration of mass violence.

The use of violence and force by a state or its agents against a specific group, often based on ethnicity, nationality, or religion, with the intent of eliminating or severely harming that group.

A significant factor in mass categorical violence, where the state actively participates or initiates the violence against a marginalized group.

The gradual increase in violent acts and hostile attitudes towards a specific group, often fueled by political forces or ideologies.

The systematic and widespread use of hateful rhetoric and propaganda to demonize a specific group, often leading to violence and discrimination.

The use of violence or force against a specific group, often carried out by the state or its agents, with the goal of preventing births or reducing the population of that group.

Claims of self-defense or strategic necessity used to justify violence against a specific group, often masking a deeper intent of elimination or subjugation.

A forced relocation of the Cherokee people from their ancestral lands in the Southeastern United States to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma), resulting in the deaths of thousands due to disease, starvation, and exposure.

A massacre of Cheyenne and Arapaho men, women, and children at Sand Creek, Colorado, in 1864. US military forces attacked a peaceful encampment under a white flag of truce, killing an estimated 150-500 people, mostly unarmed civilians.

The violent and systematic elimination of the Yuki people in Northern California during the Gold Rush era.

The period of Spanish colonization in the Americas, spanning the 15th to 17th centuries. This period involved the conquest and subjugation of Indigenous populations, notably the Incas and Aztecs, in Central and South America.

Spanning the 16th to 18th centuries, this period of European colonization focused on regions like New England, the Mississippi Valley, and the Southeastern US. It involved the spread of European diseases to Indigenous populations, contributing to their vulnerability and displacement.

The use of superior technology, such as firearms and cannons, by European colonizers in their conquest of Indigenous peoples.

Strategies employed by European colonizers to gain control over Indigenous territories, including violence, manipulation, and division within Indigenous communities.

The spread of European diseases to Indigenous populations in the Americas, often with devastating consequences due to lack of immunity.