29 Questions
What motivates mindless aggression according to the text?
The need to dominate and get what one wants
What concept is associated with taking pleasure in someone else's suffering?
Schadenfreude
In the context of Type P individuals, what is suggested to be a potential cause of their behavior?
Zero degrees of empathy
Why did Paul end up in jail according to the text?
For being found guilty of murder
What provoked Paul to commit the violent act in the story?
'The man had stared at him across the bar'
What does the text suggest might be the reason behind Paul's lack of guilt for the murder he committed?
'He believed he was justified due to the other person's behavior'
What characteristic of psychopaths is highlighted in the text as being connected to their capability of doing bad things without guilt?
Empathy
What role does anxiety play in relation to psychopathic behavior?
It prevents punishment
Which feature of psychopaths is NOT mentioned in the text as related to a lack of empathy?
High emotional intelligence
What distinguishes guilt from empathy based on the text?
Empathy can cause guilt but not vice versa
Which characteristic mentioned in the text can result in a psychopath's failure to plan ahead?
Egocentricity
What is the main argument of Object Relations Theory regarding the cause of borderline personality disorder?
Parental abuse or neglect
Which Freudian principle is integral to the development of Object Relations Theory?
The earliest relationship influencing all later ones
What is the 'significant other' in Object Relations Theory?
A parent
What is the 'separation-individuation phase' in Object Relations Theory?
A phase where the child establishes their sense of self
Which psychodynamic idea is not mentioned as integral to the development of Object Relations Theory?
The importance of early childhood experiences
Who developed the ideas of Object Relations Theory into an explanation of borderline personality disorder?
Otto Kernberg
What is the 'internal pot of gold' argument?
Insecure attachment of a more extreme form increases the risk of becoming Zero-Negative.
Who is Peter Fonagy and what is his role in the context of the text?
Peter Fonagy is a professor of psychoanalysis who takes interesting ideas from psychoanalysis and tries to test them empirically.
What is the role of the attachment relationship in the development of empathy?
The attachment relationship is the crucible for learning about other people.
What is the importance of imagining another person's thoughts and feelings?
Imagining another person's thoughts and feelings is important, but only if it is safe to do so.
What are some negative experiences that may go along with childhood separation?
Inconsistent parental discipline, parental alcoholism, lack of supervision, physical, sexual or emotional abuse, or complete abandonment.
What is the role of the caregiver's mind in the development of the child's empathy?
The child tries to imagine what their caregiver is thinking or feeling about them.
What is one of the major components of empathy that psychopaths have difficulty with, according to the text?
Recognition
What method is used to measure how aroused a person is by emotional material, as mentioned in the text?
Event-related potentials (ERP)
What brain activity is not shown by psychopaths in response to emotional words, as indicated in the text?
Increase in brain activity over the central and parietal regions
What is the term used to describe the tendency to interpret ambiguous situations as if the other person has hostile intent, as observed in some children with conduct disorder?
Hostile attribution bias
What characteristic of psychopaths is highlighted in the text as being connected to their difficulty in processing emotional material?
Reduced autonomic responsiveness
What type of emotional expressions are psychopaths worse at naming, according to the text?
Fearful expressions
Explore the known causes of Borderline Personality Disorder, including Object Relations Theory's perspective on parenting and its impact on the child's development. Delve into the psychodynamic ideas that form the basis of Object Relations Theory.
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