Troubleshooting window start up
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Questions and Answers

Which of these actions is performed during a hard boot?

  • Using the OS to reboot
  • Initializing the processor and clearing memory (correct)
  • Restarting the computer quickly
  • Skipping initial steps performed by UEFI/BIOS

    • What is one advantage of performing a soft boot?

  • It takes more time than a hard boot
  • It clears memory
  • It initializes the processor
  • It saves time (correct)

    • When should you consider using a hard boot?

  • When a soft boot doesn't work (correct)
  • When you want to save time
  • When the OS is working fine
  • When you want to skip UEFI/BIOS initialization

    • Why does a hard boot take more time than a soft boot?

    <p>Because it performs additional initialization steps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common action that is unique to a soft boot and not a hard boot?

    <p>Using the OS to reboot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when you press the reset button on the front of the case?

    <p>The CPU is initialized and the BIOS/UEFI startup is restarted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the LAST step to try if all other methods fail when Windows hangs?

    <p>Turn off the power switch on rear of the case, wait 30 seconds, turn it back on, and then press power button on the front of the case</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which button or switch is used for an abrupt power-off?

    <p>The hard power button on the rear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you try initially when Windows hangs?

    <p>Try a restart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which power button can be set to perform a Windows restart?

    <p>The soft power button on the front</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the startup BIOS/UEFI in the early steps of the boot process?

    <p>Running power-on self-tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of information is stored in onboard RAM relevant to the boot process?

    <p>Inventory of hardware devices, hardware settings, and startup settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these tasks is performed by startup UEFI?

    <p>Loading the UEFI boot manager and device drivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does POST (power-on self-test) verify?

    <p>Communication with essential hardware components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Windows Boot Manager read during the boot process?

    <p>Settings in the Boot Configuration Data (BCD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    #What is the primary responsibility of the Windows Boot Loader (winload.exe)?

    <p>Loading Windows components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    #Which file is responsible for starting the Session Manager (Smss.exe)?

    <p>ntoskrnl.exe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    #Which component is activated by the kernel (ntoskrnl.exe) during the boot process?

    <p>HAL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    #What task does the Session Manager (Smss.exe) perform during the Windows boot process?

    <p>Loading the graphical interface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which registry key does the kernel (ntoskrnl.exe) build into memory during the boot process?

    <p>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\HARDWARE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is responsible for starting the Service Control Manager during boot?

    <p>Winlogon.exe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    #What does Userinit.exe apply during the Windows boot process?

    <p>Group Policy settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurrence signifies the official completion of the Windows startup?

    <p>Disappearance of the pinwheel wait icon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process launches Userinit.exe during the boot process?

    <p>Winlogon.exe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To which process are user account and password details passed for authentication during the boot process?

    <p>Lsass.exe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Windows Boot Loader load first during a normal startup?

    <p>OS kernel (ntoskrnl.exe)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component's status does the BIOS check to determine if an error message should be displayed on-screen?

    <p>Video</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step taken by the UEFI during the boot process?

    <p>Loads UEFI Boot Manager</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if Windows was previously stopped abruptly?

    <p>Error Recovery screen appears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the BIOS process, what is checked after finding the OS in BIOS/RAM?

    <p>Consulting MBR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a normal startup, which process turns over the startup to the OS kernel?

    <p>Windows Boot Loader</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is responsible for displaying the logon screen and authenticating user credentials?

    <p>Lsass.exe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which registry key is built into memory by the OS kernel during the boot process?

    <p>HKLM\Hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Session Manager (Smss.exe) during the boot process?

    <p>Starts Csrss.exe and Winlogon.exe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subsystem is started by Smss.exe to interact with applications?

    <p>Csrss.exe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is responsible for starting services set with the type 'Automatic'?

    <p>Services.exe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process launches Userinit.exe during the boot process?

    <p>Winlogon.exe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method can you use to boot from a recovery drive?

    <p>Boot from a Windows 10/8 recovery drive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option is available under the Advanced Options menu?

    <p>Startup settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can you do in the Windows Recovery Environment to disable certain startup features?

    <p>Disable driver signatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool available on the Windows Recovery Environment can be used for fixing system files?

    <p>Command prompt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Windows version includes the 'Fresh Start' option in the Startup Menu?

    <p>Windows 10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is available to enable boot logging?

    <p>Startup settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool can be used to create Windows 10 setup media?

    <p>Media Creation Tool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Configuring Windows 10/8 to use the F8 key at startup allows access to which menu?

    <p>Advanced Boot Options</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended action to take while your computer is still healthy?

    <p>Delete temporary files</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of recovery boot media can be created using a USB drive?

    <p>Windows 10/8 USB recovery drive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of creating a system image while your computer is still healthy?

    <p>To provide a full backup of your system for restoration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of creating a system repair disc in Windows 10/7?

    <p>To launch Windows Recovery Environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool must be used in Windows 7 to create a system repair disc?

    <p>Backup and Restore (Windows 7)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of repair disc does a 64-bit Windows installation create?

    <p>64-bit version of the repair disc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant difference between creating a system repair disc in Windows 8 compared to Windows 10/7?

    <p>The option to create a system repair disc is hidden in Windows 8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the system repair disc created from a 32-bit Windows installation allow you to do?

    <p>Launch Windows RE on a 32-bit system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an OEM recovery partition on a computer's hard drive?

    <p>To contain drivers specific for the computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step must be performed first when creating a Windows recovery drive?

    <p>Open Control Panel and click Recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Windows recovery drive?

    <p>To access Windows repair tools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which selection must be made after responding to the UAC dialog box when creating a recovery drive?

    <p>Include system files</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates the size of the USB flash drive needed for a recovery drive?

    <p>Windows reports the size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can you create using the Media Creation Tool on a Windows 10 working computer?

    <p>A bootable Windows setup ISO file</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which types of media can the Windows 10 Media Creation Tool generate for a Windows setup?

    <p>ISO file, DVD, flash drive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you launch Windows Recovery Environment (Windows Re)?

    <p>From a Windows setup DVD or flash drive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which device is NOT supported for creating setup media with the Windows 10 Media Creation Tool?

    <p>Network drive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the Windows 10 Media Creation Tool?

    <p>To create bootable Windows setup media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method can be used to launch Windows RE when Windows is functioning normally?

    <p>Enter shutdown /r /o in command prompt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do to launch Windows RE using the Windows 10 Settings app?

    <p>Under Advanced startup, click Restart now</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method involves using the Shift key to launch Windows RE?

    <p>Click the Power icon, press and hold Shift, and click Restart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option allows you to launch Windows RE when Windows cannot start normally?

    <p>Windows detects startup problems and launches automatic diagnostics and repairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action should be taken if you prefer to use a bootable device to launch Windows RE?

    <p>Boot from a USB recovery drive, DVD system repair disc, or Windows setup DVD or USB drive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initial action must be taken to run Startup Repair in Windows RE?

    <p>Click Startup Repair on the Advanced options screen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a capability of the Startup Repair tool?

    <p>Fix Windows system files without changing Windows settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can the log file of the Startup Repair process be found?

    <p>C:\Windows\System32\LogFiles\SRT\SRTTrail.txt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Windows RE do after examining the system during Startup Repair?

    <p>Fixes problems and reports what it did</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT affected by the Startup Repair tool?

    <p>User data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the Startup Settings option on the Advanced options screen available?

    <p>When Windows RE is launched from the hard drive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when you press 1 or F1 to enable debugging?

    <p>The system boot logs are moved to another computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    #What file records all files used during the boot process when Boot Logging is enabled?

    <p>C:\Windows\Ntbtlog.txt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Windows do when Boot Logging is enabled?

    <p>Record all files used during the boot process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What purpose does Boot Logging serve?

    <p>To monitor which files did and did not load during boot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which key do you press to enable Low-Resolution Video mode?

    <p>3 or F3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tasks can be performed in Safe Mode?

    <p>Running the System File Checker command</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a scenario where enabling Low-Resolution Video might be necessary?

    <p>When the video setting does not allow the screen to display well enough to fix a bad setting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command can be run in Safe Mode to check for file system errors?

    <p>chkdsk /r</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tool can be used in Safe Mode to verify memory?

    <p>Memory Diagnostics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which key enables Safe Mode with Networking?

    <p>5 or F5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    #What command is used to verify system files in Safe Mode with Command Prompt?

    <p>sfc /scannow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    #What should be launched if verifying system files does not solve the problem in Safe Mode with Command Prompt?

    <p>System Restore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should you use Safe Mode with Networking?

    <p>To troubleshoot booting issues when network access is required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which path is used to launch System Restore from the Command Prompt?

    <p>C:\Windows\system32\rstrui.exe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which key should you press to disable Driver Signature Enforcement?

    <p>F7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when you press F8 in the Startup Settings menu?

    <p>Disable Early Launch Anti-Malware Driver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is disabled by pressing F9?

    <p>Automatic Restart on System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might developers disable Driver Signature Enforcement?

    <p>To test kernel-mode device drivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is performed when pressing F10 in the Startup Settings screen?

    <p>Return to the Startup Settings Screen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does pressing 7 or F7 in the startup settings screen do?

    <p>Disable Driver Signature Enforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which startup setting allows antivirus software to launch a driver before any third-party drivers?

    <p>Press 8 or F8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when you press 9 or F9 in the startup settings screen?

    <p>Stops rebooting upon encountering a system failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option would you use to return to the Startup Settings Screen?

    <p>Press F10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is required in all 64-bit editions of Windows?

    <p>Kernel-mode drivers must be digitally signed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method to select System Restore?

    <p>Recovery Drive created using a USB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command can be used to initiate System Restore from a command prompt?

    <p>rstrui</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following issues is NOT a potential problem caused by using System Restore?

    <p>Loss of personal files and documents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components will NOT be helped by System Restore if corrupted?

    <p>Registry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which version of Windows includes the System Recovery Options screen?

    <p>Windows 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should you use the Command Prompt Window in Windows RE?

    <p>When the graphical interface is missing or corrupted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What privilege level do you have when accessing the Windows RE Command Prompt?

    <p>Administrator privileges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you access the Command Prompt in Windows RE in Windows 10 or 8?

    <p>Click Command Prompt on the Advanced options screen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which screen must you navigate to in Windows 7 to access the Command Prompt in Windows RE?

    <p>System Recovery Options</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For what purpose might you use a specific command in the Windows RE Command Prompt?

    <p>To fix a problem when Windows refuses to start</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command can be used to restore critical Windows system files?

    <p>SFC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done after each fix to verify if the problem was solved?

    <p>Reboot the system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which folder contains registry files that can be restored using the command prompt in Windows RE?

    <p>RegBack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a command used to manage data and system files?

    <p>refresh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which commands are used to restore registry files?

    <p>Commands from Table 6-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command makes the Windows registry folder the current folder?

    <p>cd \windows\system32\config</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the command ren system system.save?

    <p>To rename the system registry file</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command should be used to examine the contents of the current drive?

    <p>dir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step should be tried first for hardware problems according to the content?

    <p>Copying just the system hive from the backup folder to the registry folder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the command cd regback used for?

    <p>To make the registry backup folder the current folder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step to take for software problems in the Windows Recovery Environment?

    <p>Copy the Software hive to the registry folder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command would you use to copy the SAM hive to the registry folder?

    <p>copy sam c:\windows\system32\config</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you try if copying just the Software hive does not solve the problem?

    <p>Copy all five hives to the registry folder and reboot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the five hives that can be copied to the registry folder in the given commands?

    <p>User</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command is repeated in the list but lacks a description?

    <p>copy software c:\windows\system32\config</p> Signup and view all the answers

    #Which command is used to enable networking from the Windows RE command prompt?

    <p>wpeinit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command is used to manage hard drives, partitions, and volumes?

    <p>diskpart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command can repair the BCD and boot sectors in the Windows Recovery Environment?

    <p>bootrec</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the chkdsk /r command in the Windows RE command prompt?

    <p>Repair the file system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command is used to manually edit the BCD in the Windows Recovery Environment?

    <p>bcdedit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command would you use to scan for Windows installations that are not stored in the BCD?

    <p>bootrec /scanOS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command repairs the Master Boot Record (MBR) of hard drives using the MBR partitioning system?

    <p>bootrec /fixmbr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the command 'bootrec /rebuildBCD'?

    <p>Scans for Windows installations and rebuilds the BCD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    #Which command would you use to display the contents of the BCD?

    <p>bcdedit /enum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command repairs the boot sector of the system partition?

    <p>bootrec /fixboot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option is the least intrusive solution for reinstalling Windows?

    <p>Windows 10/8 previous version</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a more intrusive option than 'Windows 8 refresh'?

    <p>Windows 10 reset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option applies a pre-existing backup to restore the system?

    <p>Apply a Windows 10/7 system image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you need to perform a clean installation from setup media, which option should you choose?

    <p>Windows 10/8/7 clean install from setup media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option specifically refers to reinstalling Windows directly from a manufacturer's recovery partition?

    <p>Install Windows 10/8/7 from the OEM recovery partition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are minor updates to Windows distributed?

    <p>Second Tuesday of each month</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition must be met to revert to an earlier version of Windows?

    <p>You have not reset your computer during this time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if you delete the Windows.Old folder?

    <p>You will lose the ability to revert to an earlier version</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distribution frequency of major updates to Windows?

    <p>Once or twice a year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long do you have to revert a Windows version to an earlier one if experiencing issues?

    <p>10 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step should you take first from the Windows desktop to roll back a Windows update?

    <p>Open the Settings app and click 'Update &amp; security'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can you find the 'Go back to the previous version of Windows 10' option in the Settings app?

    <p>Under 'Recovery'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario should you use the Windows Recovery Environment (RE) to roll back a Windows update?

    <p>When a new version has caused the system to fail to start</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can you access the option to roll back a Windows update in Windows RE?

    <p>On the Advanced options screen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must you do after clicking 'Get started' under 'Go back to the previous version of Windows 10' in the Settings app?

    <p>Confirm the action and follow the on-screen instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of performing a repair upgrade of Windows 10?

    <p>It nondestructively installs Windows 10 over an existing Windows installation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a necessary step when performing a repair upgrade?

    <p>Formatting the hard drive before starting the upgrade.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to gather all product keys for installed apps before a repair upgrade?

    <p>To make reinstallation of these apps easier if necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done as a precaution before starting a repair upgrade, despite its nondestructive nature?

    <p>Make a full backup of all data, apps, and settings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of media can be created to perform a repair upgrade?

    <p>Windows setup media on DVD, USB, or ISO file.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of performing a Fresh Start on a Windows 10 system?

    <p>To remove manufacturer bloatware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is kept after performing a Fresh Start on Windows 10?

    <p>User accounts, settings, and personal data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of applications are maintained after a Fresh Start?

    <p>Microsoft Store apps installed by the computer manufacturer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Fresh Start remove from a Windows 10 system?

    <p>Manufacturer bloatware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to manufacturer drivers and OEM system files during a Fresh Start?

    <p>They are removed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you ensure before starting a fresh installation of Windows 10?

    <p>You are connected to the internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do you need to navigate in the Settings app to start the recovery process?

    <p>Update &amp; Security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option must be clicked to learn how to start fresh with a clean installation of Windows?

    <p>Learn how to start fresh with a clean installation of Windows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be clicked to switch to the Fresh start page?

    <p>Yes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which button begins the process of a fresh start installation?

    <p>Get Started</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Windows 10 reset keep by default?

    <p>User accounts, some Windows settings, and all personal data files</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to third-party apps during a Windows 10 reset?

    <p>They are removed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some Windows settings automatically resynced if you use a Microsoft account?

    <p>Windows settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these changes made to Windows settings might be lost during a reset?

    <p>Changes made to display settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a Windows 10 reset, which of these statements is true regarding user data files?

    <p>They are kept and not affected by the reset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct way to initiate a system image recovery for Windows 10?

    <p>Reboot the computer into Windows RE, navigate to the Advanced options screen, and select System Image Recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is System Image Recovery accessed on Windows 7?

    <p>On the System Recovery Options screen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option must be selected to recover Windows 8 using a system image?

    <p>System Image Recovery from the Advanced options screen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which screen must be accessed to perform a system image recovery on Windows 10?

    <p>Advanced options screen in Windows RE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do you find the System Image Recovery option on Windows 7?

    <p>System Recovery Options screen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be included in the recovery partition on a laptop?

    <p>A copy of the OS build, device drivers, diagnostics programs, and preinstalled applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can you find instructions on how to access the recovery tools stored on the recovery partition?

    <p>On the manufacturer's website or during the initial boot screen message</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do if your laptop's recovery partition is corrupted or missing?

    <p>Look for the option to download recovery media from the manufacturer's website</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of programs are typically found in the recovery partition?

    <p>Diagnostics programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the visibility of the recovery partition?

    <p>The recovery partition might or might not be hidden</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the process of installing Windows over the network?

    <p>Boot the computer to the network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the BIOS/UEFI setup, which feature must be enabled to support network booting?

    <p>PXE Support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Preboot eXecution Environment (PXE) do after the computer boots to it?

    <p>Searches for a server to provide Windows PE and the deployment image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environment must be loaded on the deployment server for network installation?

    <p>Windows Preinstallation Environment (PE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do you enable PXE Support for network installation?

    <p>BIOS/UEFI setup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step you should take when troubleshooting a startup problem?

    <p>Follow procedures to interview the user</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After identifying error messages, what should you do next in the troubleshooting process?

    <p>Determine what has just changed that might be the source of the problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to back up important data during the troubleshooting process?

    <p>To ensure data is not lost during the troubleshooting process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do once you know the source of a startup problem?

    <p>Decide which tool will be the least invasive to use, yet still fix the problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step involves verifying that you have current backups?

    <p>Back up important data or verify you have current backups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you use first when data on a hard drive is lost or corrupted?

    <p>Windows tools or third party software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equipment is used to temporarily connect a hard drive to a working computer?

    <p>SATA-to-USB converter kit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which software tool is recommended for copying data from a connected hard drive?

    <p>File Explorer or Windows Explorer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initial question should you ask when handling a hard drive?

    <p>Is there important data on the hard drive not backed up?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the purpose of using a SATA-to-USB converter kit on a hard drive?

    <p>To connect the hard drive to a USB port on a working computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following could be a reason for Windows not booting?

    <p>Hardware issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which startup error message indicates a problem with the hard drive being undetected?

    <p>Hard drive not found</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you see a message 'No boot device found' on a black screen during startup, what is most likely the cause?

    <p>Hardware issue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which error message on a black screen indicates that Windows cannot locate the operating system?

    <p>No OS found</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the error message 'Disk boot failure' at startup signify?

    <p>Issues with the disk drive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool can be used to fix problems with system files that might lead to a slow profile load?

    <p>sfc/scannow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a method to reduce the time it takes to load a user profile by addressing startup items?

    <p>Reduce startup items</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When experiencing a slow profile load, what can be done specifically for Windows 10?

    <p>Try a repair upgrade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action can be taken to revert the system to a state before the slow profile load issue began?

    <p>Apply a restore point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step involves creating a fresh user environment to address slow profile load problems?

    <p>Create a new user profile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can trigger a Blue Screen of Death (BSOD)?

    <p>Corrupted registry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blue screen of death (BSOD) errors are also known by what other name?

    <p>Stop errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a common cause of a stop error?

    <p>Slow internet connection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When can stop errors occur?

    <p>During or after startup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stop errors require Windows to do which of the following?

    <p>Stop the system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for the Blue Screen of Death (BSOD) error?

    <p>Stop error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common cause of stop errors?

    <p>Incorrect display settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When can stop errors occur?

    <p>During or after startup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which kernel mode issue can cause a Blue Screen of Death (BSOD)?

    <p>Missing or damaged system files</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components, if corrupted or failing, can lead to a stop error?

    <p>Hard drive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step you should take when you encounter a blue screen error?

    <p>Search Microsoft websites for the error.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if rebooting and enabling boot logging do not resolve the issue?

    <p>Launch Windows RE and restart in Safe Mode with Networking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action might help in identifying a peripheral device causing the blue screen error?

    <p>Disconnect any peripheral devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action if the blue screen error persists after multiple restarts?

    <p>Launch Windows RE and restart in Safe Mode with Networking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option is NOT a recommended step when dealing with a stop error?

    <p>Reinstall the operating system immediately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do if the device driver has been recently updated and the Safe Mode desktop is loaded?

    <p>Open Device Manager and roll back the driver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might help if your device driver problem occurred after a recent Windows update?

    <p>Return to a previous version of Windows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action can be taken using Device Manager if a device driver is causing problems?

    <p>Use Device Manager to uninstall the device</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following might resolve a problematic device driver issue without rolling back the driver?

    <p>A Windows update might fix the problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a device driver updated along with a Windows update caused a problem, what should you try?

    <p>Return to a previous version of Windows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do if the blue screen names a program file but does not identify a device?

    <p>Open File Explorer or Windows Explorer, locate the program file, right-click it, select Properties, and check the Details tab.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Windows tool should you use to open a command prompt if you cannot start Windows in Safe mode?

    <p>Windows RE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What value should you change the Start parameter to in the Registry Editor to disable a problematic service or driver?

    <p>0x4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Details tab in the Properties window of a program file?

    <p>To tell you the purpose of the file</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step should you take to disable a service or driver if you cannot boot Windows normally?

    <p>Use Windows RE, access the Registry Editor, drill down to the service or device key, and change the Start value to 0x4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool can be used to find critical errors and warnings recorded in the Administrative Events log?

    <p>Event Viewer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command should be used to check the hard drive for errors?

    <p>chkdsk /r</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action can you take to prevent a service from launching at startup?

    <p>Disable the service using Task Manager or the Service console</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you are unsure which service or program is causing a problem, what is one method you can use to diagnose the issue?

    <p>Perform a clean boot or a Safe boot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool should you use to check memory for errors?

    <p>Memory Diagnostics tool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command can be used to fix Missing Boot Configuration Data in Windows?

    <p>bootrec /rebuildBCD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one recommended step if Windows shuts down improperly?

    <p>Check Event Viewer for clues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic tool can be used to verify memory issues after an improper shutdown?

    <p>Memory Diagnostics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you try first if no graphics appear on the screen?

    <p>Try a different monitor or onboard video port</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the event of missing graphics, how can you perform a System Restore?

    <p>Use the command prompt in Windows RE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool can you use to enable boot logging in Windows Recovery Environment?

    <p>Startup Settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended action to take before a problem occurs?

    <p>Configure the F8 key at startup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is NOT a way to start Windows Recovery Environment?

    <p>From Safe Mode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool can be used to fix issues with system files during startup troubleshooting?

    <p>SFC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who manages the Windows startup process?

    <p>Windows Boot Manager</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool can be used to create Windows 10 setup media?

    <p>Windows 10 previous version</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a hard drive contains valuable data but will not boot?

    <p>Install the drive in another system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a likely cause of improper shutdowns?

    <p>Hardware issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended action when encountering stop errors on a blue screen?

    <p>Research error titles and numbers online</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do if a device or service causes Windows to hang during a normal boot?

    <p>Boot into Safe Mode and disable the device or service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Booting a Computer

    • There are two fundamental ways to boot a computer:

    Hard Boot (Cold Boot)

    • Turning on the power with the on/off switch
    • Takes more time than a soft boot
    • Initializes the processor and clears memory

    Soft Boot (Warm Boot)

    • Using the OS to reboot
    • Initial steps performed by UEFI/BIOS in a hard boot are skipped
    • Saves time by restarting the system quickly
    • If a soft boot doesn't work, use a hard boot as an alternative

    Power Button and Switch Functions

    • A power button in front can be configured as a "soft" power button, triggering a Windows restart.
    • The reset button initializes the CPU and restarts at the beginning of the BIOS/UEFI startup.
    • The switch on the rear of the case acts as a "hard" power button, turning off the power abruptly.

    Troubleshooting Windows Hangs

    • When Windows hangs, attempt a restart as the first step.
    • If a restart doesn't work, try a shutdown followed by powering the system back up.
    • If the shutdown method fails, press the reset button on the front of the case.
    • If all else fails, turn off the power switch on the rear of the case, wait 30 seconds, turn it back on, and then press the power button on the front of the case.

    Booting the Computer and Starting Windows

    • The boot process involves several steps, as outlined in Table 6-1

    Startup BIOS/UEFI

    • Responsible for early steps in the boot process
    • Reads information from onboard RAM, including:
      • Inventory of hardware devices
      • Hardware settings
      • Security passwords
      • Date and time
      • Startup settings
    • Surveys hardware devices against the list kept in RAM

    POST (Power-On Self Test)

    • A series of tests run by Startup BIOS/UEFI to ensure correct communication with essential hardware components

    UEFI Boot Manager and Device Drivers

    • Loaded by Startup UEFI

    Windows Boot Manager

    • Reads settings from the BCD (Boot Configuration Data)

    Steps to Boot the Computer and Start Windows

    • Windows Boot Loader (winload.exe) is responsible for loading Windows components during the boot process.

    Roles of the Kernel (Ntoskrnl.exe)

    • Activates the Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) and reads additional information from the registry.
    • Builds the registry key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\HARDWARE in memory.
    • Starts critical services and drivers configured to be started by the kernel.

    Roles of the Session Manager (Smss.exe)

    • Runs in user mode after being started by the kernel.
    • Loads the graphical interface.
    • Starts the client/server run-time subsystem (csrss.exe).
    • Starts the Logon Manager (winlogon.exe) and executes commands stored in the registry.

    Windows Boot Process

    • Winlogon.exe is responsible for:
      • Starting the Service Control Manager (services.exe)
      • Starting the Local Security Authority process (lsass.exe)
      • Displaying the sign-in screen for user authentication
      • Passing user account and password to lsass.exe for authentication
      • Launching usernit.exe

    Windows Startup

    • Userinit.exe applies:
      • Group Policy settings
      • Programs stored in startup folders and startup registry keys, unless trumped by Group Policy
    • Windows startup is complete when:
      • Windows desktop or Start screen appears
      • Pinwheel wait icon disappears

    BIOS/UEFI Checks

    • BIOS checks essential hardware during POST (Power-On Self-Test)
    • BIOS checks BIOS/RAM to find OS and consults MBR (Master Boot Record)
    • BIOS searches for active partition and loads booting
    • BIOS reads BCD (Boot Configuration Data) store
    • If video is not active, BIOS sends error message as beeps or speech
    • If video is active, BIOS displays error message on-screen

    UEFI

    • UEFI loads UEFI Boot Manager
    • UEFI loads EFI device drivers and enforces Secure Boot
    • UEFI follows boot file path
    • UEFI loads bootmfw.efi
    • UEFI reads BCD store

    Windows Boot Loader

    • During normal startup, Windows Boot Loader loads OS kernel (ntoskrnl.exe)
    • Windows Boot Loader loads HAL (Hardware Abstraction Layer)
    • Windows Boot Loader loads System registry hive
    • Windows Boot Loader reads registry and loads device drivers for BIOS systems
    • Windows Boot Loader starts memory paging process
    • Windows Boot Loader turns over startup to OS kernel (ntoskrnl.exe)

    Alternative Boot Options

    • In a dual-boot system, Windows Boot Manager screen appears
    • When user presses Spacebar, Windows Boot Manager screen appears
    • When user presses F8, Advanced Boot Options screen appears
    • When Windows previously stopped abruptly, Error Recovery screen appears

    Booting the Computer and Starting Windows

    • The OS kernel activates the Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) during the boot process.

    OS Kernel Initialization

    • The kernel reads more of the registry and builds the registry key HKLM\Hardware into memory.
    • Critical services and drivers are started by the kernel.
    • The Session Manager (Smss.exe) is started in user mode, which includes:
      • Starting the subsystem to display graphics and the Windows flag.
      • Starting Csrss.exe, the subsystem that interacts with applications.
      • Starting the Logon Manager (Winlogon.exe).

    Service Initialization

    • The kernel reads and executes other commands stored in the registry, including:
      • Starting the Service Control Manager (Services.exe).
      • Starting services set with type "Automatic".
      • Starting the Local Security Authority Process (Lsass.exe), which:
        • Displays the logon screen and passes the user account and password for authentication.
      • For Windows 7, updating the Last Known Good Configuration.
      • Launching Userinit.exe.

    ###Finalizing the Windows Load

    • The kernel applies group policy settings and loads any programs stored in registry keys and folders, unless prevented by group policy.

    Methods to Boot the System

    • Boot from a Windows 10/8 recovery drive to troubleshoot startup problems
    • Use Windows setup media or system repair disc to boot the system
    • Press F8 at startup to access Windows Startup Menu (must be enabled)

    Windows Startup Menu

    • Access Previous version (if available) in Windows 10
    • Use Repair upgrade in Windows 10
    • Perform Fresh Start in Windows 10
    • Reset the PC in Windows 10
    • Refresh the PC in Windows 8
    • Reset the PC in Windows 8

    Advanced Options Menu

    • Access Command prompt to troubleshoot startup problems
    • Change Startup settings (if available)
    • Access Advanced Boot Options Menu

    Windows Recovery Environment

    • Apply system image to restore the system
    • Perform system repair to fix startup problems
    • Restore system to a previous point
    • Use commands to fix system files, volumes, and partitions
    • Access UEFI firmware settings
    • Disable driver signatures, anti-malware, early launch, and automatic restarts
    • Enable boot logging, VGA mode, and Safe Mode options

    Pre-Problem Preparation

    • Keep good backups of data while the computer is still healthy
    • Create a system image to ensure easy restoration of the system
    • Configure Windows 10/8 to use the F8 key at startup to access the Advanced Boot Options menu
    • Create recovery boot media to troubleshoot and repair Windows

    Recovery Boot Media Options

    • Create a Windows 10/7 DVD system repair disc
    • Create a Windows 10/8 USB recovery drive
    • Create Windows 10 setup media using the Media Creation Tool

    System Repair Disc

    • A system repair disc can be used to launch Windows RE (Recovery Environment)
    • Creating a system repair disc:
      • In Windows 7, click Create a system repair disc in the Backup and Restore window
      • The created repair disc's architecture (32-bit or 64-bit) matches the architecture of the Windows installation used to create it

    Windows 8 System Repair Disc

    • In Windows 8, the option to create a system repair disc is hidden

    Windows 10/8 Recovery Drive

    • Most computers have an OEM recovery partition on the hard drive, containing drivers specific to the computer.
    • It's recommended to back up the OEM partition to a Windows recovery drive before a problem occurs.

    Creating a Recovery Drive

    • To create a recovery drive, open Control Panel and click Recovery, then click Create a recovery drive and respond to the UAC dialog box.
    • Choose whether to Include system files, then click Next.
    • Windows will report the size of the USB flash drive needed, and you'll need to insert a drive of that size.
    • Windows will inspect the size of the drive, and if it's large enough, it will be listed among available devices.
    • Click Next, then click Create to begin the process.

    Windows 10 Media Creation Tool

    • Launching Windows Re is possible from a Windows setup DVD or flash drive
    • The Media Creation Tool allows creation of a bootable Windows setup ISO file, DVD, or flash drive on a working computer

    Launching Windows RE when Windows Works Normally

    • Use the Windows 10 Settings app to launch Windows RE by going to Advanced startup and clicking Restart now
    • Press Shift + Restart to launch Windows RE
    • Click the Power icon, press and hold Shift, and click Restart to launch Windows RE
    • Use the Command prompt to launch Windows RE by entering shutdown /r/o

    Launching Windows RE when Windows Cannot Start Normally

    • Windows automatically launches automatic diagnostics and repairs when it detects startup problems
    • Boot from a USB recovery drive, DVD system repair disc, or Windows setup DVD or USB drive to launch Windows RE
    • Press F8 during startup to launch Windows RE

    Startup Repair

    • Startup Repair is a built-in diagnostic and repair tool in Windows.
    • It can fix Windows system files without altering Windows settings, user data, or applications.

    Running Startup Repair

    • To run Startup Repair, access Windows RE (Recovery Environment) and navigate to the Advanced options screen.
    • Click Startup Repair to initiate the process.

    Startup Repair Process

    • Windows RE examines the system to identify and fix problems.
    • A report is generated detailing the actions taken during the repair process.
    • Suggestions for further fixes may be offered.

    Log File

    • A log file of the Startup Repair process is created and stored at C:\Windows\System32\LogFiles\SRT\SRTTrail.txt.

    Changing Startup Settings

    • The Startup Settings option is available only when Windows RE is launched from the hard drive, not from another media.

    Debugging and Boot Logging

    • Pressing 1 or F1 enables Debugging, moving system boot logs from the failing computer to another computer for evaluation.
    • Pressing 2 or F2 enables Boot Logging, which:
      • Loads Windows normally
      • Records all files used during the load process in C:\Windows\Ntbtlog.txt
      • Allows users to see what did and did not load during the boot process

    Startup Tools

    • Press 3 or F3: Enable Low-Resolution Video to fix display issues or troubleshoot video driver problems.

    Safe Mode

    • Press 4 or F4: Enable Safe Mode to perform various troubleshooting tasks, including:
      • Launching antivirus software
      • Opening Event Viewer
      • Running the System File Checker command
      • Rolling back a driver using Device Manager
      • Verifying memory with Memory Diagnostics
      • Checking for file system errors with the chkdsk /r command
      • Configuring Windows for a clean boot on next restart

    Startup Settings

    • Press 5 or F5 to enable Safe Mode with Networking:
      • Use when solving booting problems and network access is required
      • Use when Windows installation files are available on the network

    Safe Mode with Command Prompt

    • Press 6 or F6 to enable Safe Mode with Command Prompt:
      • Use the sfc /scannow command to verify system files
      • If the problem is not solved, launch System Restore:
        • Run C:\Windows\system32\rstrui.exe

    Changing Startup Settings

    • Pressing 7 or F7 disables Driver Signature Enforcement, which is required in 64-bit Windows editions to ensure kernel-mode drivers are digitally signed, and is useful for developers testing kernel-mode device drivers.

    Disabling Security Features

    • Pressing 8 or F8 disables the Early Launch Anti-Malware Driver, a Windows 10/8 feature that allows antivirus software to launch a driver before third-party drivers to scan for malware.

    System Failure Handling

    • Pressing 9 or F9 disables Automatic Restart on System Failure, preventing Windows from rebooting when it encounters a system failure.

    Changing Startup Settings

    • Pressing 7 or F7 disables Driver Signature Enforcement, which is required in 64-bit Windows editions to ensure kernel-mode drivers are digitally signed, and is useful for developers testing kernel-mode device drivers.

    Disabling Security Features

    • Pressing 8 or F8 disables the Early Launch Anti-Malware Driver, a Windows 10/8 feature that allows antivirus software to launch a driver before third-party drivers to scan for malware.

    System Failure Handling

    • Pressing 9 or F9 disables Automatic Restart on System Failure, preventing Windows from rebooting when it encounters a system failure.

    Accessing System Restore

    • System Restore can be accessed from the Windows RE Advanced options screen
    • System Restore can be accessed from the Windows 7 System Recovery Options screen
    • System Restore can be accessed within Safe Mode
    • System Restore can be accessed using the rstrui command in a command prompt

    Limitations of System Restore

    • System Restore may cause loss of Windows updates
    • System Restore may cause loss of updates to anti-malware software
    • System Restore may require reinstallation of hardware devices and apps

    Situations Where System Restore Won't Help

    • System Restore is ineffective when the file system is corrupted
    • System Restore is ineffective when the registry is corrupted

    Windows RE Command Prompt

    • Used when graphical interface is missing or corrupted
    • Useful for running specific commands to fix problems when Windows won't start
    • Provides administrator privileges and full read and write access to all files on all drives

    Accessing Windows RE Command Prompt

    • Accessible from Windows 10/8 Advanced options screen
    • Accessible from Windows 7 System Recovery Options screen

    Scene Description

    • A brown bear is eating noodles with chopsticks.
    • A white panda bear is standing beside the bear, holding a cup of boba tea and gazing at the bear with heart eyes, indicating admiration or affection.

    Kitchen Setting

    • The scene takes place in a kitchen where the bear and panda are located.
    • A bowl of noodles is placed on the table in front of the bear.
    • A cutting board with vegetables is positioned in front of the panda.

    Visual Elements

    • A small chalkboard is suspended above the panda, with an arrow pointing to it, suggesting a potential menu or recipe display.

    Image Details

    • The image is titled "Bubu & Dudi's World" at the bottom, indicating the name of the setting or scene.

    Managing Data Files and System Files in Windows RE

    • Use SFC or DISM commands to restore critical Windows system files
    • Manage data and system files using the following commands:
      • cd for navigating directories
      • copy for duplicating files
      • rename for changing file names
      • delete for removing files
    • Restore registry files using backups saved in the RegBack folder
    • Reboot the system after each fix to verify if the problem is resolved
    • Utilize commands from Table 6-2 to restore registry files

    Command Prompt in Windows RE

    • c: command makes drive C: the current drive with the default directory set to root.

    Directory Navigation

    • dir command examines the contents of the current drive, defaulting to drive C: if not specified.
    • cd \windows\system32\config command makes the Windows registry folder the current folder.

    Registry File Renaming

    • ren command renames registry files, including:
      • default to default.save
      • sam to sam.save
      • security to security.save
      • software to software.save
      • system to system.save

    Registry Backup

    • cd regback command makes the registry backup folder the current folder.
    • copy system c:\windows\system32\config command copies the System hive from the backup folder to the registry folder, recommended for hardware problems before rebooting.

    Troubleshooting Software Problems in Windows RE

    • When encountering software problems in Windows RE, a possible solution is to copy the Software hive to the registry folder and then reboot.
    • If the problem persists, try copying all five hives to the registry folder and reboot.
    • The five hives that can be copied to the registry folder are:
      • Software
      • System
      • Default
      • SAM
      • Security

    Repairing Hard Drive File Systems and Partitions

    • Use chkdsk /r to repair file systems on hard drives
    • Utilize diskpart to manage hard drives, including creating and modifying partitions and volumes

    Enabling Networking in Windows RE

    • Networking is not enabled by default in Windows RE command prompt
    • Run wpeinit to enable networking in Windows RE command prompt

    Repairing Boot Files and BCD

    • Use bootrec to repair Boot Configuration Data (BCD) and boot sectors
    • Utilize bcdedit to manually edit the BCD
    • Run bootsect to repair dual boot systems

    The Command Prompt in Windows RE

    • The bootrec /scanOS command scans the hard drive for Windows installations not stored in the Boot Configuration Data (BCD).
    • The bootrec /rebuildBCD command scans for Windows installations and rebuilds the BCD.
    • The bootrec /fixboot command repairs the boot sector of the system partition.
    • The bootrec /fixmbr command repairs the Master Boot Record (MBR) for hard drives using the MBR partitioning system.
    • The bcdedit /enum command displays the contents of the BCD.

    Options to Reinstall Windows

    • When repair efforts fail, reinstalling Windows is the next step.
    • Options for reinstalling Windows are listed below, from least to most intrusive:

    Reinstallation Options

    • Windows 10/8 Previous Version: Restore to a previous version of Windows.
    • Windows 10 Repair Upgrade: Upgrade Windows while keeping files and settings intact.
    • Windows 10 Fresh Start: Reinstall Windows, removing applications and settings, but keeping personal files.
    • Windows 10 Reset: Reinstall Windows, removing all files, applications, and settings.
    • Windows 8 Refresh: Reinstall Windows, removing applications and settings, but keeping personal files.
    • Apply a Windows 10/7 System Image: Restore Windows from a system image.
    • Windows 8 Reset: Reinstall Windows, removing all files, applications, and settings.
    • Install from OEM Recovery Partition: Reinstall Windows from the OEM recovery partition.
    • Windows 10/8/7 Clean Install: Reinstall Windows from setup media, erasing all data.

    Windows 10 Update Cycle

    • Minor updates to Windows 10 are distributed on the second Tuesday of every month.
    • Major updates, known as versions, are released once or twice a year.

    Reverting to a Previous Version

    • If a new version is causing issues, you can revert to the previous version.
    • Reversion is possible if:
      • The new version was installed within the last 10 days.
      • You have not reset your computer during this timeframe.
      • The Windows.Old folder has not been deleted.

    Rolling Back Windows Updates

    • There are two ways to roll back Windows updates: from the Windows desktop and from Windows RE.
    • To roll back from the Windows desktop:
      • Open the Settings app
      • Click Update & security
      • Click Recovery
      • Under "Go back to the previous version of Windows 10," click Get started
    • To roll back from Windows RE:
      • The option is available on the Advanced options screen in Windows RE
      • Use this method when a new version has caused the system to fail to start

    Windows 10 Repair Upgrade

    • A repair upgrade is a non-destructive installation of Windows 10 over an existing Windows installation, preserving existing data, apps, and settings.

    Preparing for a Repair Upgrade

    • Create Windows setup media on DVD or USB, or save an ISO file on the local hard drive.
    • Ensure full boot capability into Windows 10 before proceeding.
    • Backup all data as a precautionary measure, despite the repair upgrade's protective nature.
    • Collect product keys for all installed apps to facilitate easy reinstallation if needed.

    Windows 10 Fresh Start

    • Performs a clean installation of the latest version of Windows 10, removing manufacturer bloatware

    What is Installed, Kept, and Not Kept

    • Installed: latest generic copy of Windows, free from manufacturer bloatware
    • Kept:
      • User accounts
      • User settings
      • Personal data
      • Some Windows settings
      • Microsoft apps natively integrated in Windows
      • Microsoft store apps installed by the computer manufacturer
    • Not Kept:
      • All apps, except those stated above
      • Manufacturer drivers
      • OEM system files

    Post-Fresh Start

    • A list of removed apps is displayed on the desktop after the Fresh Start completes

    Windows 10 Fresh Start Installation

    • Ensure internet connection and sufficient storage space before proceeding with the installation
    • Access the Fresh Start feature through the Settings app, specifically in the Update & Security section
    • Locate the Recovery option to find the More Recovery Options section
    • Click on Learn how to start fresh with a clean installation of Windows to access the Fresh Start page
    • Confirm the decision by clicking Yes to proceed to the Fresh Start page
    • Initiate the Fresh Start installation process by clicking Get Started

    Windows 10 Reset

    • Windows 10 reset allows users to keep: • User accounts • Some Windows settings • All personal data files
    • What is removed during a reset: • Third-party apps • Third-party drivers
    • Some Windows settings changes will be lost during a reset
    • Microsoft account users can opt to have many Windows settings automatically resynced to the device

    Recovering Windows using a System Image

    • To recover Windows 10/8 using a system image file, reboot the computer into Windows RE, navigate to the Advanced options screen, and select System Image Recovery
    • For Windows 7, select System Image Recovery on the System Recovery Options screen

    OEM Factory Recovery Partition

    • Laptops and brand-name desktops often have a recovery partition on the hard drive that contains:
    • A copy of the OS build
    • Device drivers
    • Diagnostics programs
    • Preinstalled applications
    • The recovery partition may be hidden or visible
    • To access the recovery tools stored on the recovery partition:
    • Check the manufacturer's website for instructions
    • Look for a message at the beginning of the boot process
    • If the recovery partition is corrupted or nonexistent:
    • Download recovery media from the manufacturer's website to create a: + Bootable USB flash drive + Bootable DVD

    Installing Windows Over the Network

    • Boot the computer to the network to begin the installation process
    • The computer loads Windows PE from the deployment server
    • Enable PXE Support in the BIOS/UEFI setup to allow the computer to boot to the network
    • The computer boots to the Preboot Execution Environment (PXE)
    • PXE searches for a server to provide Windows PE and the deployment image

    Troubleshooting Windows Startup Problems

    • Follow a structured approach when troubleshooting startup issues: interview the user, back up crucial data, research error messages, and identify recent changes that may have caused the problem.
    • Identify the source of the problem before choosing a troubleshooting tool to use.
    • Select the least invasive tool that can still effectively fix the issue.

    Important Data on the Hard Drive

    • Before proceeding, always ask if there is important data on the hard drive that has not been backed up.

    Data Recovery Options

    • If data is lost or corrupted, utilize Windows built-in tools to recover data.
    • Use third-party software to recover data in case of loss or corruption.
    • If all else fails, consider commercial data recovery services.

    Data Transfer Methods

    • Use a SATA-to-USB converter kit to connect a desktop or laptop hard drive to a USB port on a working computer.
    • Utilize File Explorer or Windows Explorer to copy data from the hard drive to other media.

    Windows Startup Errors

    • Windows startup errors can be caused by hardware, device drivers, services, applications, or Windows itself.
    • Startup error messages often appear on a black screen.

    Common Startup Error Messages

    • No OS found
    • A disk read error occurred
    • Invalid boot disk
    • Hard drive not found
    • Disk boot failure
    • No boot device found

    Resolving Slow Profile Load Issues

    • Utilize the Windows Troubleshooting applet to identify and fix problems
    • Ensure all Windows updates are applied to prevent compatibility issues
    • Run the sfc/scannow command to scan and repair corrupted system files
    • Reduce the number of startup items to minimize clutter and improve performance
    • Apply a previously created system restore point to revert to a stable state
    • For Windows 10, perform a repair upgrade to fix underlying issues
    • Create a new user profile as a last resort to start with a clean slate

    Error Messages and Problems

    • Blue screen of death (BSOD) errors are also known as stop errors
    • Stop errors occur when processes running in kernel mode encounter a problem and Windows must stop the system to prevent further damage
    • Causes of stop errors include:
      • Corrupted registry
      • Missing or damaged system file
      • Missing or damaged device driver
      • Bad memory
      • Corrupted or failing hard drive
    • Stop errors can occur at two stages:
      • During startup
      • After startup

    Error Messages and Problems

    • Blue screen of death (BSOD) errors are also known as stop errors
    • Stop errors occur when processes running in kernel mode encounter a problem and Windows must stop the system to prevent further damage
    • Causes of stop errors include:
      • Corrupted registry
      • Missing or damaged system file
      • Missing or damaged device driver
      • Bad memory
      • Corrupted or failing hard drive
    • Stop errors can occur at two stages:
      • During startup
      • After startup

    Error Messages and Problems

    • When encountering a stop error (blue screen):
      • Search Microsoft websites for the error to find possible solutions
      • Disconnect any peripheral devices that might be causing the issue
      • Reboot the system and read the information in the Windows error message box or bubble
      • Enable boot logging to gather more information about the error
      • Try restarting the system multiple times to see if the issue resolves
      • If the problem persists, launch Windows RE and restart Windows in Safe mode with Networking to troubleshoot the issue

    Errors With Hardware and Device Drivers

    • When a blue screen error occurs and a specific device or device driver is identified as the cause:
      • If the driver was recently updated and Safe Mode is accessible, roll back the driver using Device Manager.
      • If the driver update coincided with a Windows update, consider reverting to a previous version of Windows.
      • A subsequent Windows update might resolve the issue.
      • Uninstall the problematic device using Device Manager as a troubleshooting measure.

    Troubleshooting Blue Screen Errors

    • If the blue screen error message does not identify a specific device but names a program file:
    • Locate the program file using File Explorer or Windows Explorer
    • Check the file's properties to determine its purpose
    • Reinstall the device or program that caused the problem

    Troubleshooting Windows Startup Issues

    • If Windows cannot start in Safe mode:
    • Use Windows RE to open a command prompt window
    • Back up the registry
    • Open the Registry Editor
    • Disable the problematic service or driver by changing the Start value to 0x4
    • Reboot the system

    Errors With Services or Other Programs

    • Check the Administrative Events log in Event Viewer for critical errors and warnings
    • Use Task Manager to stop the problematic service or program
    • Disable the service from launching at startup using Task Manager or the Service console
    • Update Windows to resolve potential issues
    • Perform a clean boot or Safe boot to isolate the problematic service or program
    • Undo recent system changes to troubleshoot the issue

    Troubleshooting Tools

    • Run the Memory Diagnostics tool to check for memory-related errors
    • Use the chkdsk /r command to scan the hard drive for errors

    Windows is Corrupted

    • Missing Boot Configuration Data: Use the bootrec /rebuildBCD command to resolve the issue.
    • Improper Shutdown: To troubleshoot,
    • Check Event Viewer for clues
    • Apply Windows updates
    • Verify memory with Memory Diagnostics
    • Use chkdsk /r to check the hard drive for errors
    • No graphics appear:
    • Try using a different monitor or onboard video port
    • Launch a command prompt in Windows RE and perform a System Restore

    System Startup

    • When a system is turned on, the startup BIOS/UEFI takes control, performing a Power-On Self-Test (POST) to examine hardware components and find an Operating System (OS) to load.

    Windows Startup Management

    • Windows startup is managed by the Windows Boot Manager.

    Pre-Problem Preparation

    • Before a problem occurs, ensure:
      • Good backups of user data exist
      • A system image is created
      • The F8 key is configured at startup
      • Recovery boot media is created

    Windows RE Startup Options

    • Windows Recovery Environment (RE) can be started from:
      • Within Windows
      • The Windows setup DVD
      • A recovery drive
      • A system repair disc

    Startup Troubleshooting Tools

    System Repair

    • Startup repair

    Advanced Startup

    • Startup settings

    System Restore and Safe Mode

    • System Restore
    • Safe Mode

    Command-Line Tools

    • Enabling boot logging
    • System File Checker (SFC)
    • Check Disk (chkdsk)
    • DiskPart
    • BootRec
    • BootSect

    Windows Reinstallation Options

    • Windows 10 previous version can be used to reinstall Windows.
    • A repair upgrade can be used to reinstall Windows.
    • Fresh Start can be used to reinstall Windows.
    • A reset can be used to reinstall Windows.

    Data Recovery

    • A hard drive containing valuable data that won't boot may be recoverable by installing it in another system.

    Troubleshooting Stop Errors

    • Research stop errors online using the error title and error number listed on the blue screen.

    Troubleshooting System Hangs

    • Improper shutdowns are likely hardware related.
    • Boot into Safe Mode and disable the device or service to troubleshoot system hangs caused by a device or service.

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