10 Questions
What is the basis of traditional religion among the group discussed in the text?
Beliefs in spirits or anitos
How are the spirits or anitos regarded according to the text?
They are revered and feared
What measures do the people adopt to protect themselves and their property from ill-disposed spirits?
They conduct ceremonies and offer food and drinks
What is the principal source of income for the people discussed in the text?
Agriculture
Which of the following agricultural products is NOT mentioned in the text?
Wheat
Apart from agriculture, what other economic activities do the people engage in according to the text?
Fresh water fishing, weaving, pottery making, and basketry
How does the text describe the physical appearance and way of life of the present-day Tinguians?
They resemble the Ilocanos in bodily proportions and have adopted the Ilocano way of life
What does the text say about the Gaddangs' cultural identity?
Their major cultural identity is that of the Cordillerans
What is the origin of the term 'Gaddang' according to the text?
It comes from the words 'ga' meaning heat and 'dang' meaning burned
Where are small scattered Gaddang groups found apart from Cagayan Valley?
Kalinga and Eastern Bontoc
Test your knowledge on the pre-Christian Bontoc belief system, focusing on the hierarchy of spirits, Lumawig the supreme deity, rituals performed by priests, and the importance of consulting ancestral anitos.
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