bio psych: lecture 5.2.1

True or False: Bonobos are genetically closer to other species of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) than they are to humans.

Which species of chimpanzee is restricted to the south of the river?

Bonobo chimpanzees, whose scientific name is (_______ _______) and are other wise known as ______ chimpanzees,

Bonobos chimpanzees are only found in one country, which is the Republic of Congo

Bonobos chimpanzees are only found in one country, which is the ______ __ ______

The difference between Bonobos and chimpanzees is that Bonobos squat when resting, their calls are more shrill like, temperament is livelier and more nervous, their movements are quicker, and have red lips, and are much less aggressive.

The difference between Bonobos and chimpanzees is that Bonobos ______ when resting, their ______ are more shrill like, temperament is ______ and more nervous, their movements are ______, and have red lips, and are much _______ aggressive.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BONOBOS & CHIMPANZEES Chimpanzees are ANATOMICALLY, BODY PROPORTIONS MORE LIKE HUMANS : • Chimpanzees have smaller, rounder heads (skulls) • longer rear legs • stand more upright (often) • difference in weight between males & females more humanoid, females average 85% of male weight (in chimps they average <75%) DIFFERENCES BETWEEN

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BONOBOS & CHIMPANZEES Chimpanzees are ______ , BODY PROPORTIONS MORE LIKE HUMANS : • Chimpanzees have , rounder heads (skulls) • rear legs • stand more upright (often) • difference in weight between males &; females more ______, females average 85% of male weight (in chimps they average <75%) DIFFERENCES BETWEEN

The daily activity budget of wild bonobos at Lomako in 1992 shows that feeding constitutes approximately 40% of their activities.

Resting is the most time-consuming activity for wild bonobos at Lomako in 1992. ​ (False)

Interacting with others, mainly through grooming, makes up approximately 6% of the daily activity budget for wild bonobos at Lomako in 1992.

The daily range of wild bonobos at Lomako in 1992 is approximately 2 km.

What percentage of the daily activity budget is spent on traveling for wild bonobos at Lomako in 1992?

What percentage of the daily activity budget is spent on traveling for wild bonobos at Lomako in 1992?

The daily activity budget of wild bonobos at Lomako in 1992 shows that feeding constitutes approximately ________% of their activities.

The daily range of wild bonobos at Lomako in 1992 is approximately ________ km.

Resting makes up approximately ________% of the daily activity budget for wild bonobos at Lomako in 1992.

The social structure at Wamba consists of five communities: E, P, B, K, and S.

The community sizes at Wamba in the 1980s ranged from about 70 to 120 individuals.

The home range size at Wamba is 58 km 2.

How many communities were studied at Wamba?

What is the approximate range of community sizes at Wamba in the 1980s?

The home range size at Wamba is approximately ________ km2.

The social structure at Wamba consists of ________ communities: E, P, B, K, and S.

Females disperse and change groups after short periods of time at Wamba.

The overall sex ratio at Wamba is skewed towards males.

There are more adolescent males than females at Wamba.

All males at Wamba stay in their natal community.

Why are there more adolescent females than males at Wamba?

The overall sex ratio at Wamba is ________.

Dispersing females at Wamba only enter new communities for ________ periods.

From 1982 onward, the E group at Wamba began to split into ________ subgroups.

The two subgroups of the E group at Wamba became essentially separate by ________.

Party size in a fission-fusion society averages 16.9 or 6-35 individuals.

Membership of a party in a fission-fusion society is usually stable for 2-3 days.

96% of parties in a fission-fusion society contain all ages and sexes.

What is the average party size in a fission-fusion society?

At Lukuru, the mean party size in a fission-fusion society is ________ (range: 1-22).

The membership of a party in a fission-fusion society is usually stable for ________ or longer.

The proportion of oestrous females in a party in a fission-fusion society can be as high as ________.

Occasionally, there are ________ parties in a fission-fusion society, which last only 1-2 days.

The primary forest is the most dominant habitat type at Lukuru.

The grassland comprises the smallest proportion of habitat types at Lukuru.

Bonobos at Lukuru wade waste-deep into water to gather algae and sub-aquatic vegetation.

Which habitat type has the highest proportion at Lukuru?

At Lukuru, the proportion of secondary forest is ________.

Bonobos at Lukuru wade waste-deep into water to gather ________ and sub-aquatic vegetation.

The grassland comprises ________ of the habitat types at Lukuru.

The proportion of riparian forest at Lukuru is ________.

Bonobos at Wamba primarily eat fruit.

Bonobos at Lomako eat snakes, adult insects, and blue duikers.

Earthworms form a significant proportion of the bonobos' diet.

Which of the following is NOT part of the bonobos' diet at Wamba?

Bonobos at Lomako eat ________, adult insects, and blue duikers.

At Lukuru, bonobos eat a lot of ________, which stands for terrestrial herbaceous vegetation.

Earthworms are a favorite food for bonobos, but they form only a ________ proportion of their diet.

Bonobos mainly construct night nests in the bokumbo tree.

The majority of night nests are built at a height of 13m above the ground.

At Yalosidi, 7% of nests are built on the ground.

Day nests are constructed at a higher height compared to night nests.

The construction time for night nests is shorter than that for day nests.

What is the approximate height of night nests above the ground 38% of the time?

Approximately ________% of nests at Yalosidi are built on the ground.

The construction time for night nests is approximately ________ seconds or nearly 4 minutes.

Day nests are constructed at a height of ________ above the ground.

The construction time for day nests is less than ________ minutes.

In 73% of cases, it is the male bonobos who initiate sexual encounters.

Female bonobos can present themselves to males either dorsoventrally or ventro-ventrally.

Sexual encounters among bonobos are more common at feeding sites.

Female bonobos may exchange food in return for sexual activity.

What is the most frequent time for copulation among bonobos?

Female bonobos may exchange ________ for sex.

Bonobos engage in homosexual and immature sexual behavior.

Genito-genital (GG) rubbing involves two females clasping ventro-ventrally and rubbing their clitoris tips together.

Juvenile male bonobos are sexually precocious and may join in during copulation, thrusting at adults' genitalia.

Adult male bonobos may also thrust at juvenile males.

Juvenile female bonobos hardly ever engage in GG rubbing.

What is the purpose of genito-genital (GG) rubbing among female bonobos?

Juvenile female bonobos hardly ever engage in ________ rubbing.

Many male bonobos have torn ears, missing finger joints, and scars as a result of aggression.

Aggressive behaviors among bonobos include glaring, bluff charging, charging, chasing, and leaping while waving arms over another's head.

Other aggressive behaviors among bonobos include biting, hitting, kicking, slapping, grabbing, dragging, brushing aside, pinning down, and shoving aside.

How does the frequency of aggression in bonobos compare to that of chimpanzees?

Submissive gestures among bonobos include prostration, grimacing, flight, avoidance, extending the hands, touching the other's body, and shrieking.

Submissive gestures are most frequent at feeding sites.

Bonobos display charging behavior similar to chimpanzees, often involving branch dragging.

Aggressive behavior among bonobos is often subdued by a dominant male mounting the subordinate, but no intromission is observed.

Male bonobos are far less aggressive than male chimpanzees.

Which of the following is NOT a submissive gesture among bonobos?

Submissive gestures among bonobos are most frequent at ________ sites.

Aggressive behavior among bonobos is often subdued by a dominant male mounting the subordinate, but no ________ is observed.

Male bonobos are ________ aggressive than male chimpanzees.

At feeding sites, females often take precedence over all except the highest-ranking males.

A group of females may form a coalition against a male, while males don't form coalitions to attack a female.

Close associations between females at Lomako are 6-7 times as common as those between males.

Neighboring communities may avoid one another or show mild aggression, but no communal warfare has been observed.

What is the relationship between females and males at feeding sites?