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Questions and Answers
What is the primary component of the inorganic or mineral phase of bone?
Which type of bone fills the ends of the shafts of long bones and forms most of the structure of vertebrae?
What do osteoblasts primarily secrete to form the unmineralized bone matrix?
Which mineral is primarily responsible for forming hydroxyapatite crystals in bone?
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What are osteoclasts capable of resorbing in bone?
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Which minerals, in addition to calcium and phosphorus, are found within bone?
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Which vitamin acts as a coenzyme for the production of hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine in collagen synthesis?
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What is the consequence of vitamin C deficiency?
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Which vitamin is hydrophilic and found in the cytoplasm?
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What is the role of vitamin C as an antioxidant?
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What is the function of hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine in collagen synthesis?
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What does cross-linking of collagen fibers require?
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What is the consequence of vitamin C deficiency on iron absorption?
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Which molecules cause damage to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, and are neutralized by vitamin C?
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What is the primary function of bones in the body?
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At what age does peak bone mass typically occur?
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What is the main cause of osteoporosis?
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Where is 99% of the body's calcium found?
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What hormone is involved in the regulation of calcium levels?
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What is the primary function of vitamin C in the body?
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Study Notes
Functions of Bones and Calcium in the Body
- Bones provide support and protection, store minerals, and regulate calcium levels
- Bone is a living tissue constantly being remodeled, with most bone formed early in life and peak bone mass between ages 16 and 30
- Gender and menopause affect bone mass, with estrogen levels dropping during menopause leading to increased bone loss
- 99% of calcium is found in solid mineral deposits in bones and teeth, with the remaining 1% in body fluids
- Regulation of calcium levels involves digestive tract absorption and hormones like parathyroid hormone and calcitonin
- Calcium plays a crucial role in enzyme activity, blood clotting, nerve and muscle function, and other cellular processes
- Calcium deficiency can lead to low bone mass and conditions like rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults
- Excessive calcium levels can cause symptoms like loss of appetite, nausea, and kidney stones, and may lead to osteoporosis
- Osteoporosis is caused by a loss of bone protein and mineral deposits and is measured using DEXA scans
- Prevalence of osteoporosis varies among racial and ethnic groups in the United States
- Vitamin C, found in citrus fruits and vegetables, functions as an antioxidant, aids in collagen production, and is important for iron absorption
- Humans, higher primates, guinea pigs, and some birds and bats lack the gene to synthesize vitamin C, making it an essential nutrient in their diet
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Description
Test your knowledge of the functions of bones and calcium in the body with this informative quiz. Explore topics including bone structure, calcium regulation, the role of estrogen in bone mass, and the impact of calcium deficiency and excess. Gain insights into osteoporosis, vitamin C as an essential nutrient, and its role as an antioxidant and in collagen production.
