Bones Chapter 1 Flashcards
48 Questions
102 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the endosteum?

This membrane lines the inside of bone cavities.

What is compact bone?

Type of bone that is dense and smooth with two thin plates, found in flat bones.

What are irregular bones?

This is a strange shape bone, with no typical shape. A vertebra is a good example.

What is diaphysis?

<p>The shaft of a long bone is called.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is articular cartilage?

<p>These cushion the ends of long bones and absorbs stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is epiphysis?

<p>The ends of the long bones are called.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are short bones?

<p>The cube-like bones found in the wrist and ankles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is periosteum?

<p>This membrane covers and protects the outside of the bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is diploe?

<p>The spongy bone found on the inside of flat bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are epiphyseal lines?

<p>Makes up the 'growth plate' of the long bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is lamella?

<p>Weight-bearing column-like matrix tubes made of collagen that surrounds canals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Volkmann's canal?

<p>Canals lying at right angles to the central canals that also contain blood vessels and nerves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is appositional bone growth?

<p>Increase in bone thickness or diameter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is intramembranous ossification?

<p>Ossification in which bone develops from a fibrous membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is longitudinal bone growth?

<p>Hyaline cartilage converts to bone at the epiphyseal growth plate causing bone elongation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are canaliculi?

<p>Hair-like canals that connect lacunae to each other and transport bone material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are hydroxyapatites?

<p>Inorganic material salts that make up 65% of bone mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are osteoclasts?

<p>Bone is reabsorbed and added by appositional growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is adolescence in terms of bone growth?

<p>Ossification in which hyaline cartilage is slowly replaced with mature hardened bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are lacunae?

<p>Small cavities in the bone that contain osteocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mature bone cells are called ______.

<p>Osteocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Haversian canals?

<p>Central canals in bone containing blood vessels and nerves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a depressed fracture involve?

<p>Broken bone portion pressed inward, typical skull fracture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a greenstick fracture?

<p>Incomplete fracture one side breaks and the other bends; common in children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a displaced fracture?

<p>Fracture with bone ends out of alignment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a simple (closed) fracture?

<p>Fracture in which bones do not penetrate skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a spiral fracture?

<p>Ragged break when bone is excessively twisted, common sport injury.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a complete fracture?

<p>Bone fracture which is broken all the way through.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a comminuted fracture?

<p>Bone fragments into three or more pieces: common in the elderly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a compound fracture?

<p>Fracture in which the bone penetrates the skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the epiphyseal line?

<p>In bones the common scientific name of the area containing the growth plate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of hydroxyapatites?

<p>Responsible for the bones' hardness and its resistance to compression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are osteocytes?

<p>Mature bone cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when cartilage converts to bone?

<p>Growth in length.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is stronger, spongy or compact bone?

<p>Compact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main canals that run parallel to the bone shaft?

<p>The medullary canal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a known bone disease of the elderly?

<p>Paget's Disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells digest the bone?

<p>Osteoblast.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the weight-bearing matrix column tubes surrounding the canals?

<p>Lamella.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the white membrane covering the outside of the bone?

<p>Periosteum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the membrane lining the medullary cavity called?

<p>Endosteum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does yellow bone marrow contain?

<p>Fat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is bone marrow located?

<p>Between trabeculae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a nondisplaced fracture?

<p>Bone ends retain their normal position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another definition for displaced fracture?

<p>Bone ends out of alignment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a complete fracture?

<p>Broken all the way through.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an incomplete fracture?

<p>Bone is not broken all the way through.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is compound (open) fracture?

<p>Bone penetrates skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Endosteum

Membrane lining the inside of bone cavities.

Compact Bone

Dense, smooth bone tissue; appears as plates in flat bones.

Irregular Bones

Bones with complex, non-uniform shapes (e.g., vertebrae).

Diaphysis

The shaft or central part of a long bone.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Articular Cartilage

Cartilage that cushions the ends of long bones at joints.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Epiphysis

The ends of long bones.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Short Bones

Cube-shaped bones found in wrists and ankles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Periosteum

Membrane covering the exterior of bones, providing protection.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Diploe

Spongy bone layer found inside flat bones.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Epiphyseal Lines

Remnant of the epiphyseal plate after bone growth stops.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lamella

Concentric layers of bone matrix surrounding central canals.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Volkmann's Canal

Canals connecting central canals, carrying blood vessels and nerves.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Appositional Bone Growth

Increase in bone thickness by adding layers to the outside.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Intramembranous Ossification

Bone formation directly from a fibrous membrane.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Longitudinal Bone Growth

Bone lengthening via cartilage conversion at the epiphyseal plate.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Canaliculi

Small channels connecting lacunae for nutrient and waste exchange.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hydroxyapatites

Inorganic salts providing bone hardness and compression resistance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Osteoclasts

Cells that break down bone tissue during remodeling.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells residing in lacunae.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lacunae

Small cavities in bone that house osteocytes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Depressed Fracture

Bone portion displaced inward, common in skull fractures.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Greenstick Fracture

Incomplete fracture in which one side of the bone breaks and the other bends.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Displaced Fracture

Fracture where bone ends are not aligned.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Simple (Closed) Fracture

Fracture where the skin remains intact.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Spiral Fracture

Ragged break due to twisting forces.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Complete Fracture

Fracture extending completely through the bone.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Comminuted Fracture

Fracture in which the bone is shattered into multiple fragments.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Compound Fracture

Fracture where the bone penetrates the skin.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bone Marrow

Soft tissue within bones; site of blood cell formation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Yellow Bone Marrow

Fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of long bones.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Bone Structure and Types

  • Endosteum: Membrane lining the inside of bone cavities.
  • Compact Bone: Dense and smooth bone comprising two thin plates, typically found in flat bones.
  • Irregular Bones: Bones with atypical shapes, such as vertebrae.
  • Diaphysis: The shaft of a long bone.
  • Articular Cartilage: Cushions the ends of long bones and absorbs stress.
  • Epiphysis: The ends of long bones.
  • Short Bones: Cube-shaped bones located in the wrist and ankles.
  • Periosteum: Membrane that covers and protects the exterior of bones.
  • Diploe: Spongy bone located inside flat bones.

Bone Growth and Development

  • Epiphyseal Lines: Represent the "growth plate" of long bones.
  • Lamella: Collagen-based matrix tubes that bear weight and surround canals.
  • Volkmann's Canal: Canals perpendicular to central canals that carry blood vessels and nerves.
  • Appositional Bone Growth: Increase in bone thickness and diameter.
  • Intramembranous Ossification: Bone development from a fibrous membrane.
  • Longitudinal Bone Growth: Conversion of hyaline cartilage to bone at the epiphyseal growth plate for elongation.

Bone Cells and Composition

  • Canaliculi: Hair-like canals connecting lacunae and transporting bone material.
  • Hydroxyapatites: Inorganic salts that constitute 65% of bone mass, crucial for hardness and compression resistance.
  • Osteoclasts: Cells involved in bone resorption and appositional growth.
  • Osteocytes: Mature bone cells housed in small cavities called lacunae.
  • Lacunae: Small cavities in bone containing osteocytes.

Bone Fractures

  • Depressed Fracture: Bone portion displaced inward, typical in skull injuries.
  • Greenstick Fracture: Incomplete break; one side breaks while the other bends, common in children.
  • Displaced Fracture: Bone ends misaligned after a fracture.
  • Simple (Closed) Fracture: Bone fracture where skin remains intact.
  • Spiral Fracture: Ragged break due to excessive twisting, often seen in sports injuries.
  • Complete Fracture: Bone break extending completely through the bone.
  • Comminuted Fracture: Bone shattered into three or more pieces, often seen in older adults.
  • Compound Fracture: Fracture where bone penetrates the skin.

Bone Density and Health

  • Epiphyseal Line: Area containing the growth plate in bones.
  • Bone Marrow: Soft tissue found between trabeculae within the bone.
  • Yellow Bone Marrow: Fatty tissue contained in the medullary cavity.
  • Paget's Disease: Common bone disease affecting the elderly characterized by abnormal bone remodeling.
  • Nondisplaced Fracture: Fracture where bone ends remain aligned.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

Test your knowledge of bone terminology with these flashcards from Chapter 1 of Bones. Each card features a key term along with its definition to help you learn the essential concepts related to bone structure. Perfect for students studying anatomy!

More Like This

5-osteogenez2
125 questions

Endosteum Nedir? Osteogenez Quiz ve Flashcards

GladBigfoot avatar
GladBigfoot
Tema 7
25 questions

Quiz y Flashcards de Endostio y Periostio: Tema 7

PhenomenalCombination avatar
PhenomenalCombination
Bone Anatomy and Physiology
34 questions

Bone Anatomy and Physiology

WellRegardedObsidian1129 avatar
WellRegardedObsidian1129
Periosteum & Endosteum Flashcards
6 questions

Periosteum & Endosteum Flashcards

ModestClarity avatar
ModestClarity
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser