Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following statements about the metatarsals is correct?
Which of the following statements about the metatarsals is correct?
- They are the long bones that connect the phalanges to the tarsals. (correct)
- They are the small bones that form the heel.
- They are the short bones that form the arch of the foot.
- They are the bones that make up the ankle joint.
What is the largest bone in the foot?
What is the largest bone in the foot?
- Talus
- Cuboid
- Calcaneus (correct)
- Navicular
What type of joint is found between the phalanges?
What type of joint is found between the phalanges?
- Fibrous joint
- Cartilaginous joint
- Synovial joint (correct)
- None of the above
Which of the following is NOT a function of the bones in the foot?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the bones in the foot?
How many bones make up the big toe (hallux)?
How many bones make up the big toe (hallux)?
What type of bone is primarily responsible for protecting the brain, especially in the cranium?
What type of bone is primarily responsible for protecting the brain, especially in the cranium?
Which bone is categorized as a special bone located in the facial region?
Which bone is categorized as a special bone located in the facial region?
Which type of bone contributes to reducing weight and increasing the surface area of the face?
Which type of bone contributes to reducing weight and increasing the surface area of the face?
The frontal bone is mainly located in which part of the skull?
The frontal bone is mainly located in which part of the skull?
Which bone forms the upper boundary of the skull and plays a protective role?
Which bone forms the upper boundary of the skull and plays a protective role?
Which bone connects the upper arm to the shoulder joint?
Which bone connects the upper arm to the shoulder joint?
What is the main function of the radius in the forearm?
What is the main function of the radius in the forearm?
What type of bone is the carpus?
What type of bone is the carpus?
What is the primary role of the humerus during arm movement?
What is the primary role of the humerus during arm movement?
Which of the following bones is considered the smaller and inner bone of the forearm?
Which of the following bones is considered the smaller and inner bone of the forearm?
What is the primary function of the mandible?
What is the primary function of the mandible?
Which bone contains the foramen magnum?
Which bone contains the foramen magnum?
What does the sella turcica house?
What does the sella turcica house?
Which bone is primarily responsible for protecting the brain and shaping the back of the skull?
Which bone is primarily responsible for protecting the brain and shaping the back of the skull?
What role does the temporal bone play?
What role does the temporal bone play?
Which ribs are classified as true ribs?
Which ribs are classified as true ribs?
What type of bone is the scapula classified as?
What type of bone is the scapula classified as?
What is the function of the maxillary sinus?
What is the function of the maxillary sinus?
How do the floating ribs differ from the true and false ribs?
How do the floating ribs differ from the true and false ribs?
What component does the sternum primarily protect?
What component does the sternum primarily protect?
Which bone is unique for being unpaired and not connected on both sides?
Which bone is unique for being unpaired and not connected on both sides?
Which of the following pairs forms the only movable joints in the skull?
Which of the following pairs forms the only movable joints in the skull?
What structure is formed by the junction of the frontal bone and parietal bone?
What structure is formed by the junction of the frontal bone and parietal bone?
How do the different skull sutures change from infancy to adulthood?
How do the different skull sutures change from infancy to adulthood?
Flashcards
Parietal bone
Parietal bone
A flat bone that forms the top and sides of the skull, protecting the brain.
Skull
Skull
This bone is also called the 'cranium' and is a flat bone that encloses the brain, providing crucial protection.
Frontal bone
Frontal bone
This bone forms the forehead and is a flat bone, contributing to the protection of the brain and creating the socket for the eye.
Face bones
Face bones
The face is made up of numerous specialized bones that contribute to the protection of the brain, form hollow spaces, and aid in creating the sound resonance system.
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Cranium
Cranium
A group of bones that make up the protective covering for the brain. It's comprised of various flat bones.
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Occipital bone
Occipital bone
A flat bone located in the posterior inferior part of the skull, protecting the brain and housing the foramen magnum.
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Foramen magnum
Foramen magnum
The large opening in the occipital bone that allows the spinal cord to connect to the brain.
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Sphenoid bone
Sphenoid bone
A flat bone forming the anterior wall of the cranium and the posterior portion of the face. It houses the pituitary gland within a structure called the sella turcica.
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Sella turcica
Sella turcica
A saddle-shaped depression within the sphenoid bone, housing the pituitary gland.
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Maxillae
Maxillae
Two bones forming the upper jaw, which are responsible for chewing, creating the eye sockets, and partially forming the hard palate.
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Clavicle
Clavicle
The clavicle, a long bone, transfers force from the upper limb to the axial skeleton, linking the shoulder girdle to the sternum. It also provides a point of attachment for muscles and ligaments.
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Scapula
Scapula
The scapula, a flat bone located on the upper back, allows for movement of the arm and provides a surface for muscle attachment.
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Sternum
Sternum
The sternum, also known as the breastbone, is a flat bone located in the center of the chest. It protects vital organs like the heart and lungs and provides attachment points for ribs.
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Maxilla (upper jaw)
Maxilla (upper jaw)
The upper jawbone, forming the roof of the mouth and supporting teeth. It also contains the maxillary sinus, one of the four sinuses in your skull.
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Mandible (lower jaw)
Mandible (lower jaw)
The lower jawbone, the only movable bone in the skull. It's attached to the cranium by a hinge joint, allowing for chewing and speaking.
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Ribs
Ribs
Ribs, flat bones that surround the chest cavity, protect the heart and lungs. There are true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs.
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Hyoid bone
Hyoid bone
A small, U-shaped bone located in the neck, above the larynx (voice box). It doesn't attach directly to any other bone, but is supported by muscles.
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True Ribs
True Ribs
Ribs that connect directly to the sternum via hyaline cartilage, they contribute to the stability of the chest wall.
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Suture joint
Suture joint
A type of joint in the skull where bones are joined by a fibrous band, allowing slight movement during development, but fusing later. For example, the coronal suture joins the frontal and parietal bones.
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Sagittal Suture
Sagittal Suture
The suture joining the two parietal bones at the top of the skull. Imagine a line being drawn from the forehead to the back of the head.
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Calcaneus
Calcaneus
The largest and strongest bone in the foot, located at the back of the foot and forms part of the ankle joint.
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Metatarsals
Metatarsals
The long bones that form the arch of the foot, between the toes and the ankle.
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Phalanges (of the foot)
Phalanges (of the foot)
The bones of the toes.
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Cartilaginous joint
Cartilaginous joint
A joint that allows limited movement, such as in the ribs and sternum.
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Fibrous joint
Fibrous joint
A joint that allows no movement, such as in the skull.
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Humerus
Humerus
The upper arm bone, a long bone that connects to the shoulder and elbow joints.
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Ulna
Ulna
This bone forms the inner part of the forearm, it's shorter than the radius and helps with wrist movements.
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Radius
Radius
The outer bone of the forearm, longer than the ulna, and essential for turning the hand.
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Carpus
Carpus
This bone group forms the wrist, connecting the forearm to the hand.
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Metacarpus
Metacarpus
These long bones make up the hand, connecting the wrist to the fingers, enabling gripping.
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Bones of the Skull
- Cranium: A flat bone protecting the brain. Also called the skull box or the head.
- Skull: A flat bone protecting the brain. Also called the skull.
- Face: Special bone, with cavities in the facial bones that reduce weight and increase resonance space.
- Frontal bone: Located in the forehead.
- Parietal bone: Located in the crown (top of the head).
- Temporal bone: Located on the side of the skull, next to the ears.
- Occipital bone: Lower and back part of the skull, including the large opening (foramen magnum) where the spinal cord enters the brain.
- Sphenoid: Located in the center of the skull, forming part of the anterior wall of the brain case and posterior wall of the face
- Sella turcica: A saddle-shaped structure in the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland (master endocrine gland).
- Maxillae: Upper jaw bone, responsible for chewing, forming the eye socket, and the hard palate separating the oral and nasal cavities.
- Mandibula (Mandible): The lower jaw bone, the strongest and largest facial bone. It is responsible for chewing and forms the only movable joints in the skull.
- Hyoid bone: Located in the neck, below the mandible and above the larynx. It supports the tongue muscles and is important for swallowing. It is unique in that it does not connect to any other bone and is shaped like the letter U.
- Maxillary sinus: Found in the upper jaw, below the eyes. These cavities reduce the weight of the facial bones and convert them into a resonant chamber which enhances clarity of sound. The mucosa lining sinuses warms and filters air.
- Frontal sinus: Found in the forehead, above the eyes. These cavities reduce the weight of the facial bones, convert them into a resonant chamber which enhances clarity of sound. The mucosa lining sinuses warms and filters air.
Vertebral Column
- Vertebral column: The central axis of the body, crucial for stability, strength and flexibility.
- Atlas (C1): The first vertebra, supporting the skull.
- Axis (C2): The second vertebra, enabling head movement..
- Cervical vertebrae (C1-C7): Neck vertebrae; smaller and more flexible vertebrae, which connect with the ribs.
- Thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12): Mid-back vertebrae that form a connection with the ribs.
- Lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5): Lower back vertebrae; bigger and more robust, and bear most of body weight.
- Sacrum: A triangular bone at the back of the pelvis, formed from the fusion of five sacral vertebrae. It serves as the base for the pelvis..
- Coccyx: A small, triangular bone located below the sacrum.
Thorax (Ribcage)
- Clavicle (Collarbone): Part of the shoulder girdle.
- Scapula (Shoulder blade): A flat bone of the shoulder girdle, providing attachments for muscles and ligaments.
- Sternum (Breastbone): The front of the chest.
- Ribs: Protecting the heart and lungs.
- True ribs (1-7): Connected to the sternum via cartilage.
- False ribs (8-10): Attached to the cartilage of the seventh rib.
- Floating ribs (11-12): Not connected to the sternum.
Upper Limbs
- Humerus: Upper arm bone.
- Ulna: Inner forearm bone.
- Radius: Outer forearm bone.
- Carpals: Short bones of the wrist.
- Metacarpals: Bones of the palm.
- Phalanges: Finger bones (each finger has three, except the thumb, which has two).
Lower Limbs
- Femur: Thigh bone (the largest and strongest bone in the body), important for lever movement and connecting to the hip joint.
- Patella: Kneecap (sesamoid bone).
- Tibia: Shin bone (inner lower leg bone)
- Fibula: Smaller lower leg bone.
- Tarsals: Short bones of the ankle.
- Metatarsals: Bones of the sole and midfoot.
- Phalanges: Toe bones (each toe has three, except the big toe, which has two).
- Acetabulum: The cup-shaped socket on the hip bone, which articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint.
- Obturator foramen: A large opening connecting the pubis and ischium bones.
- Pubis: Part of the hip bone.
- Ischium: Part of the hip bone (important for the sit bones/buttocks).
- Ilium: Part of the hip bone (upper part).
- Coxal bone: Hipbone.
Joints
- Fibrous joints: Immovable joints (e.g., sutures in the skull).
- Cartilaginous joints: Slightly movable joints (e.g., pubic symphysis).
- Synovial joints: Freely movable joints (e.g., hip, knee) containing synovial fluid that reduces friction.
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