Bones of the Lower Limb: Hip Bone and Ilium

• Bones of the lower limb consist of the pelvic girdle, free limb, thigh, leg and foot.
• The pelvic girdle consists of the hip bone.
• The free limb consists of the femur, tibia, fibula, tarsus, metatarsus, and phalanges.

Hip Bone

• The hip bone is located in the pelvic girdle.
• It's an irregular bone comprised of three parts: the ilium, pubis, and ischium.
• At birth, these three parts articulate with each other at Y-shaped cartilage at the floor of the acetabulum.
• Joints related to the hip bone include the Sacroiliac joint (synovial), Symphysis pubis (secondary cartilaginous joint), and the Hip joint (synovial).

Ilium

• Key features of the Ilium include:
• Iliac crest
• Tubercles of iliac crest
• Anterior superior iliac spine
• Anterior inferior iliac spine
• Posterior superior iliac spine
• Posterior inferior iliac spine
• Gluteal lines (inferior, anterior, posterior)
• Gluteal surface
• Iliac fossa
• Iliac tuberosity
• Auricular surface (for articulation with the sacrum in sacroiliac joint)

Pubis

• Important elements include the superior and inferior pubic ramus, body of pubis, pectineal surface of the superior pubic ramus, pubic crest, and pubic tubercle.

Ischium

• Key features include the greater and lesser sciatic notch, ischial spine, body of ischium, ischial tuberosity and ischial ramus.

General features

• General features include the acetabulum, lunate surface, acetabular notch, obturator foramen, ischial ramus, inferior pubic ramus, and pubic arch.

Femur

• The femur is located in the thigh and is a long bone with upper end, lower end and shaft.
• Joints related to the femur include the hip and knee joint.

Upper end

• The upper end consists of a head, neck, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter, intertrochanteric line and intertrochanteric crest.

Lower end

• The lower end features lateral and medial epicondyles, lateral and medial condyles, adductor tubercle, patellar surface, and intercondylar notch.

Shaft

• Key is the anterior surface, gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line, lateral supracondylar line, and popliteal surface.