Questions and Answers
What type of bone is found in the diaphysis and is heavy and strong?
What are bone-building cells called?
Osteoblasts
What is the process of moving a body part away from the body called?
Abduction
What is the term for moving a body part toward the midline?
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What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?
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What is described as a prominent, rounded, articulating proximal end of a bone?
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What term describes the joining together of bones at a joint?
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What skeleton consists of the skull, hyoid, vertebrae, and thoracic cage?
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What is a bursa?
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What is the cone-like movement of a body part called?
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What does the term diaphysis refer to?
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What are the ends of long bones called?
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What does eversion refer to?
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What is the term for increasing the joint angle?
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What is flexion?
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What connects bone to bone?
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What is the process of producing red blood cells called?
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What are intervertebral disks?
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What is a compound fracture?
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What are osteoclasts?
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What is a complete fracture?
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What is spongy bone also known as?
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What is a condyle?
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What is a foramen?
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What is an incomplete fracture?
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What is the description of a simple fracture?
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What is an impacted fracture?
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What is a spiral fracture?
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What is synovial fluid?
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What type of joint is freely moveable?
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What is ossification?
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What are sinus cavities found within the skull responsible for?
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What does supination refer to?
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What does pronation mean?
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What are ball and socket joints?
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What is the medullary cavity?
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What is the periosteum?
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What is red bone marrow?
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What does plantar flexion refer to?
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What is dorsi flexion?
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What is the synovial membrane?
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What are osteocytes?
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What does rotation refer to?
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What is a suture?
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What does inversion mean?
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What is a fontanel?
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What is a trochanter?
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What is a condyloid joint?
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What is a crest?
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What is a tubercle?
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What is a fossa?
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What does meatus refer to?
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What is a hinge joint?
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What is a pivot joint?
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What is a saddle joint?
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What is a gliding joint?
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What is the vertebral column made up of?
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What is a tuberosity?
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What is the term for a joint that is unmoving?
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What is a meniscus?
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What is the function of the pectoral girdle?
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What does the pelvic girdle do?
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What is the epiphyseal disk?
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What is a spine in terms of bone anatomy?
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What is articular cartilage?
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Study Notes
Types of Bone and Bone Components
- Compact Bone: Dense and sturdy, located in the diaphysis, providing strength to the structure of bones.
- Spongy Bone: Known as cancellous bone, characterized by a porous structure, found at the ends of long bones (epiphysis).
- Medullary Cavity: Contains yellow marrow and is present in the diaphysis.
- Red Bone Marrow: Found within certain bone spaces, responsible for blood cell formation.
Bone Cells
- Osteoblast: Cells that form new bone tissue.
- Osteoclast: Cells that break down bone, aiding in the process of bone remodeling.
- Osteocyte: Mature bone cells that maintain bone tissue.
Bone Structure
- Diaphysis: The central shaft of long bones, primarily composed of compact bone.
- Epiphysis: The extremities of long bones, often where joints are formed.
- Articular Cartilage: Smooth hyaline cartilage covering the bone ends at the joints to reduce friction.
Joints and Movements
- Synovial Joint: Freely movable joints, characterized by the presence of synovial fluid.
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Types of Joints:
- Ball and Socket: Allows for a full range of motion (e.g., shoulder, hip).
- Hinge Joint: Moves in one direction (e.g., elbow, knee).
- Pivot Joint: Allows rotation (e.g., head of radius over the ulna).
- Saddle Joint: Enables complex movement (e.g., joints between carpals and metacarpals).
- Gliding Joint: Enables bones to slide over one another (e.g., wrists and ankles).
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Movements:
- Abduction: Moving a limb away from the body's midline.
- Adduction: Moving a limb toward the body's midline.
- Flexion: Decreasing the angle between body parts.
- Extension: Increasing the angle between body parts.
- Rotation: Turning movement around an axis.
Injury and Fractures
- Compound Fracture: Bone pierces the skin, posing a higher risk of infection.
- Complete Fracture: Bone is broken all the way through.
- Incomplete Fracture: The bone is not completely broken.
- Simple Fracture: The fracture does not break the skin.
- Spiral Fracture: Caused by twisting forces.
- Impacted Fracture: Bone ends are forced into each other.
Supporting Structures
- Ligament: Tough, fibrous tissue connecting bone to bone, providing stability to joints.
- Bursa: Fluid-filled sacs cushioning joints.
- Synovial Membrane: Inner lining of a synovial joint capsule that secretes synovial fluid.
Other Anatomical Terms
- Foramen: An opening in a bone.
- Condyle: Rounded surface at a bone's joint end that articulates with another bone.
- Trochanter: A large, prominent process found on the femur.
- Fontanel: Soft spots on an infant's skull.
- Meniscus: Cartilaginous structure in the knee that aids in cushioning and stability.
- Suture: Immovable joints found in the cranium.
- Crest and Tubercle: Projections of bone; crest is narrow, while tubercle is small and rounded.
Skeletal Types
- Axial Skeleton: Comprised of the skull, vertebrae, hyoid bone, and thoracic cage.
- Appendicular Skeleton: Includes limbs, pectoral girdle, and pelvic girdle.
- Pectoral Girdle: Composed of the clavicle and scapula, facilitates arm attachment.
- Pelvic Girdle: Formed by the ilium and ischium, supports leg attachment.
Development and Growth
- Ossification: Process of bone formation; includes the growth plate known as the epiphyseal disk.
- Hematopoiesis: The synthesis of red blood cells within the bone marrow.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key terms from Chapter 6 on bones. From compact bone to the appendicular skeleton, these definitions will help reinforce your understanding of bone anatomy and physiology. Perfect for anatomy students and enthusiasts alike!