Bones and Muscles Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is true about bones?

  • Bones are lighter than cast iron (correct)
  • Bones are not affected by mechanical and hormonal signals
  • Bones are made up of mainly inorganic materials
  • Bones do not contain any organic materials

    • What is the main component of the organic matrix in bones?

  • Vascularized connective tissue
  • Calcium and phosphate
  • Collagen (correct)
  • Mineral salts

    • What determines the future length and shape of a mature bone in children and teens?

  • Diaphysis
  • Vascularized connective tissue
  • Epiphysis
  • Growth plate (physis) (correct)

    • Which property of bones allows them to be flexible?

    <p>Tensile strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the epiphysis in a long bone?

    <p>To initially grow separately from the shaft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about bones is false?

    <p>Bones are not vascularized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diaphysis of a bone?

    <p>The shaft of the bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mineral salts in the bone matrix?

    <p>To impinge the organic matrix of fibrous connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What law states that bones change in response to mechanical signals?

    <p>Wolff's law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the growth plate in bones?

    <p>To determine the future length and shape of the bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone is made up of two layers of compact bone held together by spongy bone?

    <p>Flat bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of osteoblasts in bone physiology?

    <p>Form new bone tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the growth plates in long bones?

    <p>To allow the bone to continue growing until adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone is small, flat, and develops inside tendons?

    <p>Sesamoid bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the periosteum?

    <p>To wrap around bones and provide blood vessels and nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic functional unit of compact bone?

    <p>Osteon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of bone tissue?

    <p>Inorganic minerals and organic collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of spongy bone in bone physiology?

    <p>To reduce the weight of the bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of osteocytes in bone physiology?

    <p>Occupying lacunae and releasing minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of bones in the body?

    <p>To support and protect organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle is under voluntary control?

    <p>Skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle is attached to the skeleton?

    <p>Skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle causes movement at the joints by attaching to the skeleton through tendons?

    <p>Skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle has fascicles arranged in a circular arrangement to form sphincter muscles?

    <p>Circular muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle has fascicles arranged on both sides of a centrally positioned tendon?

    <p>Bipennate muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle generates force without changing the length of the muscle?

    <p>Isometric contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are muscles called that directly oppose the prime mover?

    <p>Antagonist muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are muscles called that control unwanted movements associated with the action of the prime movers?

    <p>Synergist muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the muscle called that bends the joint?

    <p>Flexor muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the muscle called that straightens the joint?

    <p>Extensor muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle is generally not under voluntary control?

    <p>Smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of tendons in relation to skeletal muscles?

    <p>Transmit muscle force to the bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle has fascicles arranged in a circular arrangement?

    <p>Orbicularis oculi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle action involves muscles shortening and generating force?

    <p>Concentric contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are muscles called that directly oppose the prime mover?

    <p>Antagonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle has fascicles arranged on both sides of a centrally positioned tendon?

    <p>Bipennate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of synergists in muscle action?

    <p>Control unwanted movements associated with the action of the prime movers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle has short fascicles in relation to the total muscle length?

    <p>Pennate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the flexor muscle in joint movement?

    <p>Bends the joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle is attached to the skeleton?

    <p>Skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of bone tissue?

    <p>Mainly collagen and inorganic salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the periosteum?

    <p>To provide a protective covering for bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of osteocytes in bone physiology?

    <p>To maintain the bone matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the organic matrix in bones?

    <p>Collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of tendons in relation to skeletal muscles?

    <p>To attach muscles to bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the epiphysis in a long bone?

    <p>To form the end part of the bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mineral salts in the bone matrix?

    <p>To provide hardness and strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What law states that bones change in response to mechanical signals?

    <p>Wolff's law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the growth plate in bones?

    <p>To determine the future length and shape of the mature bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of bones in the body?

    <p>To provide support and protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle is generally not under voluntary control?

    <p>Smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the muscle called that straightens the joint?

    <p>Extensor muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle has fascicles arranged in a circular arrangement to form sphincter muscles?

    <p>Circular muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle action involves muscles elongating in response to a greater opposing force?

    <p>Eccentric contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the organic matrix in bones?

    <p>Collagen fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle is under voluntary control?

    <p>Skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle has fascicles arranged on both sides of a centrally positioned tendon?

    <p>Bipennate muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the flexor muscle in joint movement?

    <p>To bend the joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the epiphysis in a long bone?

    <p>To allow for growth in length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of bones in the body?

    <p>To provide support and protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone is made up of two layers of compact bone held together by spongy bone?

    <p>Flat bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of bone tissue?

    <p>Inorganic and organic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of osteocytes in bone physiology?

    <p>Maintenance of bone tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of osteoblasts in bone physiology?

    <p>Formation of bone tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the periosteum?

    <p>Protection of bone tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the growth plate in bones?

    <p>Allowing bone growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the future length and shape of a mature bone in children and teens?

    <p>Growth plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of bones in the body?

    <p>Support and protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the organic matrix in bones?

    <p>Collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of spongy bone in bone physiology?

    <p>Reduction of bone weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Bone Structure and Function

    • The main component of the organic matrix in bones is collagen.
    • The diaphysis is the shaft of a long bone.
    • The epiphysis is the rounded end of a long bone that forms a joint.

    Bone Growth and Development

    • The growth plate determines the future length and shape of a mature bone in children and teens.
    • The growth plate is responsible for bone growth and development.

    Bone Composition

    • Bone tissue is composed of organic matrix (collagen) and inorganic matrix (mineral salts).
    • Mineral salts, such as calcium and phosphate, give bones their hardness and rigidity.

    Bone Cells and Functions

    • Osteoblasts are responsible for bone formation and growth.
    • Osteocytes are mature bone cells embedded in the bone matrix.
    • The periosteum is a layer of connective tissue that covers the surface of bones, providing nourishment and protection.

    Muscle Structure and Function

    • Skeletal muscles are attached to the skeleton and are under voluntary control.
    • Muscles that directly oppose the prime mover are called antagonists.
    • Muscles that control unwanted movements associated with the action of the prime mover are called synergists.

    Muscle Types

    • Flexor muscles bend the joint.
    • Extensor muscles straighten the joint.
    • Sphincter muscles have fascicles arranged in a circular arrangement.
    • Bipennate muscles have fascicles arranged on both sides of a centrally positioned tendon.

    Muscle Actions

    • Concentric muscle action involves muscles shortening and generating force.
    • Eccentric muscle action involves muscles elongating in response to a greater opposing force.
    • Isometric muscle action involves muscles generating force without changing length.

    Bone and Muscle Interactions

    • Tendons connect skeletal muscles to bones, transmitting forces from the muscle to the bone.
    • Bones provide a scaffold for muscle attachment and movement.

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    Bones and Muscles PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on bones and muscles with this quiz by Siobhán O'Connor, MSc PhD Certified Athletic Therapist. Learn about the strength and flexibility of bones, their composition, and their role as connective tissue. Challenge yourself and discover how much you know about these essential parts of the human body.

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