70 Questions
Which of the following is true about bones?
Bones are lighter than cast iron
What is the main component of the organic matrix in bones?
Collagen
What determines the future length and shape of a mature bone in children and teens?
Growth plate (physis)
Which property of bones allows them to be flexible?
Tensile strength
What is the function of the epiphysis in a long bone?
To initially grow separately from the shaft
Which statement about bones is false?
Bones are not vascularized
What is the diaphysis of a bone?
The shaft of the bone
What is the role of mineral salts in the bone matrix?
To impinge the organic matrix of fibrous connective tissue
What law states that bones change in response to mechanical signals?
Wolff's law
What is the function of the growth plate in bones?
To determine the future length and shape of the bone
Which type of bone is made up of two layers of compact bone held together by spongy bone?
Flat bone
What is the function of osteoblasts in bone physiology?
Form new bone tissue
What is the purpose of the growth plates in long bones?
To allow the bone to continue growing until adulthood
Which type of bone is small, flat, and develops inside tendons?
Sesamoid bone
What is the function of the periosteum?
To wrap around bones and provide blood vessels and nerves
What is the basic functional unit of compact bone?
Osteon
What is the composition of bone tissue?
Inorganic minerals and organic collagen
What is the function of spongy bone in bone physiology?
To reduce the weight of the bone
What is the role of osteocytes in bone physiology?
Occupying lacunae and releasing minerals
What is the main function of bones in the body?
To support and protect organs
Which type of muscle is under voluntary control?
Skeletal muscle
Which type of muscle is attached to the skeleton?
Skeletal muscle
What type of muscle causes movement at the joints by attaching to the skeleton through tendons?
Skeletal muscle
What type of muscle has fascicles arranged in a circular arrangement to form sphincter muscles?
Circular muscle
What type of muscle has fascicles arranged on both sides of a centrally positioned tendon?
Bipennate muscle
What type of muscle generates force without changing the length of the muscle?
Isometric contraction
What are muscles called that directly oppose the prime mover?
Antagonist muscles
What are muscles called that control unwanted movements associated with the action of the prime movers?
Synergist muscles
What is the muscle called that bends the joint?
Flexor muscle
What is the muscle called that straightens the joint?
Extensor muscle
Which type of muscle is generally not under voluntary control?
Smooth muscle
What is the function of tendons in relation to skeletal muscles?
Transmit muscle force to the bone
Which type of muscle has fascicles arranged in a circular arrangement?
Orbicularis oculi
What type of muscle action involves muscles shortening and generating force?
Concentric contraction
What are muscles called that directly oppose the prime mover?
Antagonist
Which type of muscle has fascicles arranged on both sides of a centrally positioned tendon?
Bipennate
What is the function of synergists in muscle action?
Control unwanted movements associated with the action of the prime movers
Which type of muscle has short fascicles in relation to the total muscle length?
Pennate
What is the function of the flexor muscle in joint movement?
Bends the joint
Which type of muscle is attached to the skeleton?
Skeletal muscle
What is the composition of bone tissue?
Mainly collagen and inorganic salts
What is the function of the periosteum?
To provide a protective covering for bones
What is the function of osteocytes in bone physiology?
To maintain the bone matrix
What is the main component of the organic matrix in bones?
Collagen
What is the function of tendons in relation to skeletal muscles?
To attach muscles to bones
What is the function of the epiphysis in a long bone?
To form the end part of the bone
What is the role of mineral salts in the bone matrix?
To provide hardness and strength
What law states that bones change in response to mechanical signals?
Wolff's law
What is the function of the growth plate in bones?
To determine the future length and shape of the mature bone
What is the main function of bones in the body?
To provide support and protection
Which type of muscle is generally not under voluntary control?
Smooth muscle
What is the muscle called that straightens the joint?
Extensor muscle
What type of muscle has fascicles arranged in a circular arrangement to form sphincter muscles?
Circular muscle
What type of muscle action involves muscles elongating in response to a greater opposing force?
Eccentric contraction
What is the main component of the organic matrix in bones?
Collagen fibers
What type of muscle is under voluntary control?
Skeletal muscle
What type of muscle has fascicles arranged on both sides of a centrally positioned tendon?
Bipennate muscle
What is the function of the flexor muscle in joint movement?
To bend the joint
What is the function of the epiphysis in a long bone?
To allow for growth in length
What is the main function of bones in the body?
To provide support and protection
Which type of bone is made up of two layers of compact bone held together by spongy bone?
Flat bone
What is the composition of bone tissue?
Inorganic and organic material
What is the function of osteocytes in bone physiology?
Maintenance of bone tissue
What is the role of osteoblasts in bone physiology?
Formation of bone tissue
What is the function of the periosteum?
Protection of bone tissue
What is the function of the growth plate in bones?
Allowing bone growth
What determines the future length and shape of a mature bone in children and teens?
Growth plate
What is the main function of bones in the body?
Support and protection
What is the main component of the organic matrix in bones?
Collagen
What is the function of spongy bone in bone physiology?
Reduction of bone weight
Study Notes
Bone Structure and Function
- The main component of the organic matrix in bones is collagen.
- The diaphysis is the shaft of a long bone.
- The epiphysis is the rounded end of a long bone that forms a joint.
Bone Growth and Development
- The growth plate determines the future length and shape of a mature bone in children and teens.
- The growth plate is responsible for bone growth and development.
Bone Composition
- Bone tissue is composed of organic matrix (collagen) and inorganic matrix (mineral salts).
- Mineral salts, such as calcium and phosphate, give bones their hardness and rigidity.
Bone Cells and Functions
- Osteoblasts are responsible for bone formation and growth.
- Osteocytes are mature bone cells embedded in the bone matrix.
- The periosteum is a layer of connective tissue that covers the surface of bones, providing nourishment and protection.
Muscle Structure and Function
- Skeletal muscles are attached to the skeleton and are under voluntary control.
- Muscles that directly oppose the prime mover are called antagonists.
- Muscles that control unwanted movements associated with the action of the prime mover are called synergists.
Muscle Types
- Flexor muscles bend the joint.
- Extensor muscles straighten the joint.
- Sphincter muscles have fascicles arranged in a circular arrangement.
- Bipennate muscles have fascicles arranged on both sides of a centrally positioned tendon.
Muscle Actions
- Concentric muscle action involves muscles shortening and generating force.
- Eccentric muscle action involves muscles elongating in response to a greater opposing force.
- Isometric muscle action involves muscles generating force without changing length.
Bone and Muscle Interactions
- Tendons connect skeletal muscles to bones, transmitting forces from the muscle to the bone.
- Bones provide a scaffold for muscle attachment and movement.
Test your knowledge on bones and muscles with this quiz by Siobhán O'Connor, MSc PhD Certified Athletic Therapist. Learn about the strength and flexibility of bones, their composition, and their role as connective tissue. Challenge yourself and discover how much you know about these essential parts of the human body.
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