Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which bone is NOT part of the upper limb?
Which bone is NOT part of the upper limb?
- Clavicle
- Femur (correct)
- Scapula
- Humerus
Which muscle is part of the anterior axioappendicular muscles?
Which muscle is part of the anterior axioappendicular muscles?
- Teres Major
- Pectoralis Minor (correct)
- Trapezius
- Supraspinatus
Which of the following muscles is found in the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Which of the following muscles is found in the posterior compartment of the forearm?
- Pronator Teres
- Flexor Digitorum Profundus
- Palmaris Longus
- Brachioradialis (correct)
Which carpal bone is NOT included in the eight carpal bones of the wrist?
Which carpal bone is NOT included in the eight carpal bones of the wrist?
What is the function of the subclavian artery?
What is the function of the subclavian artery?
Which intrinsic muscle of the hand is responsible for thumb opposition?
Which intrinsic muscle of the hand is responsible for thumb opposition?
Which muscle is part of the posterior axioappendicular group?
Which muscle is part of the posterior axioappendicular group?
Which artery is continuous with the superior epigastric artery?
Which artery is continuous with the superior epigastric artery?
Which artery participates in collateral circulation around the shoulder?
Which artery participates in collateral circulation around the shoulder?
What defines the boundaries of the axillary artery?
What defines the boundaries of the axillary artery?
Which artery is a branch of the second part of the axillary artery?
Which artery is a branch of the second part of the axillary artery?
What does the deep brachial artery end by dividing into?
What does the deep brachial artery end by dividing into?
Which artery anastomoses with the anterior ulnar recurrent artery?
Which artery anastomoses with the anterior ulnar recurrent artery?
Which of the following arteries is NOT a branch of the axillary artery?
Which of the following arteries is NOT a branch of the axillary artery?
Which muscle's tendon crosses the axillary artery anteriorly?
Which muscle's tendon crosses the axillary artery anteriorly?
What is the primary function of the radial artery?
What is the primary function of the radial artery?
What is the main termination of the radial artery?
What is the main termination of the radial artery?
Which artery divides into two proper digital arteries for each side of the thumb?
Which artery divides into two proper digital arteries for each side of the thumb?
Which arteries give rise to the common palmar digital arteries?
Which arteries give rise to the common palmar digital arteries?
What does the posterior interosseous artery give rise to?
What does the posterior interosseous artery give rise to?
Which pathway is involved in collateral circulation around the elbow?
Which pathway is involved in collateral circulation around the elbow?
What condition is referred to as retrograde flow in the vertebral artery due to an ipsilateral subclavian artery stenosis?
What condition is referred to as retrograde flow in the vertebral artery due to an ipsilateral subclavian artery stenosis?
Which branch completes the deep palmar arch?
Which branch completes the deep palmar arch?
Which artery is a branch of the common interosseous artery?
Which artery is a branch of the common interosseous artery?
What physiological change occurs due to subclavian artery stenosis?
What physiological change occurs due to subclavian artery stenosis?
What is the most common cause of subclavian steal syndrome?
What is the most common cause of subclavian steal syndrome?
Why is subclavian steal syndrome more common on the left side?
Why is subclavian steal syndrome more common on the left side?
Which artery is NOT a suitable location to place a surgical ligature?
Which artery is NOT a suitable location to place a surgical ligature?
How can profuse bleeding due to axillary trauma be controlled?
How can profuse bleeding due to axillary trauma be controlled?
Which statement about percutaneous arterial catheterization is true?
Which statement about percutaneous arterial catheterization is true?
What is indicated by the first audible sound during blood pressure measurement?
What is indicated by the first audible sound during blood pressure measurement?
What is the role of the retrograde blood flow in subclavian steal syndrome?
What is the role of the retrograde blood flow in subclavian steal syndrome?
Which artery begins laterally to the border of the first rib?
Which artery begins laterally to the border of the first rib?
Which branch of the brachial artery is known as the deep artery of the arm?
Which branch of the brachial artery is known as the deep artery of the arm?
The anterior interosseous artery is a branch of which artery?
The anterior interosseous artery is a branch of which artery?
What does the deep palmar arch primarily consist of?
What does the deep palmar arch primarily consist of?
Which arteries form anastomoses with the intercostal arteries?
Which arteries form anastomoses with the intercostal arteries?
Which artery supplies blood to the deltoid muscle?
Which artery supplies blood to the deltoid muscle?
Which artery would likely supply the rhomboid minor muscle?
Which artery would likely supply the rhomboid minor muscle?
Which artery is primarily involved in the blood supply to the lateral aspect of the arm?
Which artery is primarily involved in the blood supply to the lateral aspect of the arm?
What structures does the anterior ulnar recurrent artery supply?
What structures does the anterior ulnar recurrent artery supply?
Which artery begins at the inferior border of the teres major muscle?
Which artery begins at the inferior border of the teres major muscle?
Which artery contributes to the superficial palmar arch?
Which artery contributes to the superficial palmar arch?
What is the function of the inferior ulnar collateral artery?
What is the function of the inferior ulnar collateral artery?
Which artery primarily supplies blood to the shoulder region?
Which artery primarily supplies blood to the shoulder region?
The circumflex humeral artery is associated primarily with which structure?
The circumflex humeral artery is associated primarily with which structure?
Study Notes
Bones of the Upper Limb
- Clavicle
- Scapula
- Humerus
- Radius
- Ulna
- Carpals: Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
- Metacarpals
- Phalanges: Proximal, middle, distal
Muscles of the Upper Limb
- Anterior Axioappendicular Muscles: Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subclavius, serratus anterior
- Posterior Axioappendicular & Scapulohumeral Muscles: Trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboid major & minor, deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, teres major, subscapularis
- Anterior (Flexor) Compartment of the Arm: Biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis
- Posterior (Extensor) Compartment of the Arm: Triceps, anconeus
- Anterior (Flexor) Compartment of the Forearm: Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus
- Posterior (Extensor) Compartment of the Forearm: Brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, supinator, extensor indicis, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis
- Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand: Opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, adductor pollicis, abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, opponens digiti minimi, lumbricals (I-IV), dorsal interossei (I-IV), palmar interossei (I-III)
Arterial Supply of the Upper Limb
- Subclavian Artery: Extends from the arch of the aorta to the lateral border of the first rib.
- Branches: Internal thoracic artery, vertebral artery, thyrocervical trunk (suprascapular artery, transverse cervical artery, inferior thyroid artery)
- Axillary Artery: Continuation of the subclavian artery, extends from the lateral border of the first rib to the inferior border of the teres major muscle.
- Branches: Superior thoracic artery, thoracoacromial artery (acromial, deltoid, pectoral, clavicular branches), lateral thoracic artery, anterior humeral circumflex artery, posterior humeral circumflex artery, subscapular artery (circumflex scapular artery, thoracodorsal artery)
- Brachial Artery: Continuation of the axillary artery extending from the inferior border of the teres major muscle to the cubital fossa.
- Branches: Deep brachial artery (middle collateral, radial collateral arteries), superior ulnar collateral artery, inferior ulnar collateral artery, radial artery (recurrent radial artery, palmar carpal, dorsal carpal, superficial palmar, princeps pollicis, radialis indicis, deep palmar), ulnar artery (anterior ulnar recurrent, posterior ulnar recurrent, common interosseous (anterior & posterior interosseous), palmar carpal, dorsal carpal, deep palmar, superficial palmar)
Clinical Considerations of Upper Limb
- Subclavian Steal Syndrome: Retrograde flow in the vertebral artery due to ipsilateral subclavian artery stenosis.
- Surgical Ligatures: May be placed on the subclavian or axillary artery (between thyrocervical trunk and subscapular artery), or brachial artery (distal to the inferior ulnar collateral artery). Placement is avoided on the axillary artery between the subscapular artery and the deep brachial artery.
- Compression of the Axillary Artery: For controlling bleeding, the third part can be compressed against the humerus. More proximally, the first part can be compressed near its origin.
- Percutaneous Arterial Catheterization: Brachial artery is used if the femoral artery approach is unavailable. Preference is given to the left brachial artery.
- Blood Pressure Measurement: Brachial artery is used for blood pressure measurement.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the anatomy of the upper limb, covering the bones such as the clavicle, scapula, and various types of phalanges. Additionally, it tests knowledge of the major muscles involved in the movement and function of the upper limb. Perfect for students of anatomy and physiology.
