Bones and Muscles of the Upper Limb
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Bones and Muscles of the Upper Limb

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Questions and Answers

Which bone is NOT part of the upper limb?

  • Clavicle
  • Femur (correct)
  • Scapula
  • Humerus

    • Which muscle is part of the anterior axioappendicular muscles?

  • Teres Major
  • Pectoralis Minor (correct)
  • Trapezius
  • Supraspinatus

    • Which of the following muscles is found in the posterior compartment of the forearm?

  • Pronator Teres
  • Flexor Digitorum Profundus
  • Palmaris Longus
  • Brachioradialis (correct)

    • Which carpal bone is NOT included in the eight carpal bones of the wrist?

    <p>Patella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the subclavian artery?

    <p>Provide blood to the upper limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intrinsic muscle of the hand is responsible for thumb opposition?

    <p>Opponens Pollicis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is part of the posterior axioappendicular group?

    <p>Infraspinatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is continuous with the superior epigastric artery?

    <p>Internal Thoracic Artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery participates in collateral circulation around the shoulder?

    <p>Transverse cervical artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the boundaries of the axillary artery?

    <p>From the lateral border of the first rib to the inferior border of the teres major muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is a branch of the second part of the axillary artery?

    <p>Thoracoacromial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the deep brachial artery end by dividing into?

    <p>Middle collateral artery and radial collateral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery anastomoses with the anterior ulnar recurrent artery?

    <p>Inferior ulnar collateral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following arteries is NOT a branch of the axillary artery?

    <p>Radial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle's tendon crosses the axillary artery anteriorly?

    <p>Pectoralis minor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the radial artery?

    <p>To supply the forearm and hand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main termination of the radial artery?

    <p>Deep palmar arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery divides into two proper digital arteries for each side of the thumb?

    <p>Princeps pollicis artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteries give rise to the common palmar digital arteries?

    <p>Ulnar artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the posterior interosseous artery give rise to?

    <p>Recurrent interosseous artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway is involved in collateral circulation around the elbow?

    <p>Inferior ulnar collateral artery → anterior ulnar recurrent artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is referred to as retrograde flow in the vertebral artery due to an ipsilateral subclavian artery stenosis?

    <p>Subclavian Steal Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch completes the deep palmar arch?

    <p>Deep palmar branch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is a branch of the common interosseous artery?

    <p>Posterior interosseous artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological change occurs due to subclavian artery stenosis?

    <p>Blood flows retrograde down the ipsilateral vertebral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of subclavian steal syndrome?

    <p>Atherosclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is subclavian steal syndrome more common on the left side?

    <p>The left subclavian artery has a more acute origin causing turbulence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is NOT a suitable location to place a surgical ligature?

    <p>Axillary artery between the subscapular artery and the deep brachial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can profuse bleeding due to axillary trauma be controlled?

    <p>By compressing the third part of the axillary artery against the humerus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about percutaneous arterial catheterization is true?

    <p>The left brachial artery is preferred to access the descending aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the first audible sound during blood pressure measurement?

    <p>Systolic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the retrograde blood flow in subclavian steal syndrome?

    <p>Facilitates collateral circulation for the arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery begins laterally to the border of the first rib?

    <p>Right subclavian artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the brachial artery is known as the deep artery of the arm?

    <p>Profunda brachii artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The anterior interosseous artery is a branch of which artery?

    <p>Ulnar artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the deep palmar arch primarily consist of?

    <p>Ulnar artery and radial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteries form anastomoses with the intercostal arteries?

    <p>Thoracodorsal arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies blood to the deltoid muscle?

    <p>Thoracoacromial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery would likely supply the rhomboid minor muscle?

    <p>Dorsal scapular artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is primarily involved in the blood supply to the lateral aspect of the arm?

    <p>Circumflex humeral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures does the anterior ulnar recurrent artery supply?

    <p>Forearm musculature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery begins at the inferior border of the teres major muscle?

    <p>Brachial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery contributes to the superficial palmar arch?

    <p>Ulnar artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the inferior ulnar collateral artery?

    <p>Provide anastomoses around the elbow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery primarily supplies blood to the shoulder region?

    <p>Thoracoacromial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The circumflex humeral artery is associated primarily with which structure?

    <p>Shoulder joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Bones of the Upper Limb

    • Clavicle
    • Scapula
    • Humerus
    • Radius
    • Ulna
    • Carpals: Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
    • Metacarpals
    • Phalanges: Proximal, middle, distal

    Muscles of the Upper Limb

    • Anterior Axioappendicular Muscles: Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subclavius, serratus anterior
    • Posterior Axioappendicular & Scapulohumeral Muscles: Trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboid major & minor, deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, teres major, subscapularis
    • Anterior (Flexor) Compartment of the Arm: Biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis
    • Posterior (Extensor) Compartment of the Arm: Triceps, anconeus
    • Anterior (Flexor) Compartment of the Forearm: Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus
    • Posterior (Extensor) Compartment of the Forearm: Brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, supinator, extensor indicis, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis
    • Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand: Opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, adductor pollicis, abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, opponens digiti minimi, lumbricals (I-IV), dorsal interossei (I-IV), palmar interossei (I-III)

    Arterial Supply of the Upper Limb

    • Subclavian Artery: Extends from the arch of the aorta to the lateral border of the first rib.
      • Branches: Internal thoracic artery, vertebral artery, thyrocervical trunk (suprascapular artery, transverse cervical artery, inferior thyroid artery)
    • Axillary Artery: Continuation of the subclavian artery, extends from the lateral border of the first rib to the inferior border of the teres major muscle.
      • Branches: Superior thoracic artery, thoracoacromial artery (acromial, deltoid, pectoral, clavicular branches), lateral thoracic artery, anterior humeral circumflex artery, posterior humeral circumflex artery, subscapular artery (circumflex scapular artery, thoracodorsal artery)
    • Brachial Artery: Continuation of the axillary artery extending from the inferior border of the teres major muscle to the cubital fossa.
      • Branches: Deep brachial artery (middle collateral, radial collateral arteries), superior ulnar collateral artery, inferior ulnar collateral artery, radial artery (recurrent radial artery, palmar carpal, dorsal carpal, superficial palmar, princeps pollicis, radialis indicis, deep palmar), ulnar artery (anterior ulnar recurrent, posterior ulnar recurrent, common interosseous (anterior & posterior interosseous), palmar carpal, dorsal carpal, deep palmar, superficial palmar)

    Clinical Considerations of Upper Limb

    • Subclavian Steal Syndrome: Retrograde flow in the vertebral artery due to ipsilateral subclavian artery stenosis.
    • Surgical Ligatures: May be placed on the subclavian or axillary artery (between thyrocervical trunk and subscapular artery), or brachial artery (distal to the inferior ulnar collateral artery). Placement is avoided on the axillary artery between the subscapular artery and the deep brachial artery.
    • Compression of the Axillary Artery: For controlling bleeding, the third part can be compressed against the humerus. More proximally, the first part can be compressed near its origin.
    • Percutaneous Arterial Catheterization: Brachial artery is used if the femoral artery approach is unavailable. Preference is given to the left brachial artery.
    • Blood Pressure Measurement: Brachial artery is used for blood pressure measurement.

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on the anatomy of the upper limb, covering the bones such as the clavicle, scapula, and various types of phalanges. Additionally, it tests knowledge of the major muscles involved in the movement and function of the upper limb. Perfect for students of anatomy and physiology.

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