Bones 101

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Which process describes the development of bone in which an initial small, hyaline cartilage version grows and turns into bone?

Epiphyseal growth

Axial skeleton

Appendicular skeleton

Endochondral ossification (correct)

What is the term for the two ends of a long bone, such as the humerus or femur?

Epiphysis (correct)

Ossification

Metaphysis

Diaphysis

Where is the diaphysis located in a long bone?

Between the two ends (shaft) (correct)

At each end

Covering the bone surface

Inside the bone marrow

What is the term for the growth plate found at each end of a long bone?

Metaphysis Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage?

Axial skeleton Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the skeleton includes the bones of the upper and lower limbs?

Appendicular skeleton Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the bones in the upper limb?

Arm Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the bones in the lower limb?

Leg Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the bones in the forearm?

Forearm Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the bones in the thigh?

Thigh Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the bone is more porous, weaker, and lighter?

Inner medulla Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the bone may contain bone marrow?

Metaphysis Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the bone is the site of red and white blood cell production?

Epiphysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the periosteum?

To provide a fibrous connective tissue sleeve Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the bone is responsible for extreme pain during tearing as occurs during fractures?

Periosteum Signup and view all the answers

What are foraminae in the context of the skull?

Holes for cranial nerves and blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the callus of new bone surrounding a fracture line during initial healing?

To promote bone healing Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the skeleton attaches the upper limbs to the axial skeleton?

Pectoral girdle Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the skeleton attaches the lower limbs to the axial skeleton?

Pelvic girdle Signup and view all the answers

How many vertebrae are there in the adult vertebral column?

33 Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the vertebra is responsible for transmitting and protecting the spinal cord?

Vertebral foramen Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the vertebra is weight-bearing?

Vertebral body Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the intervertebral foraminae?

To allow spinal nerves to emerge Signup and view all the answers

Which cervical vertebra does not have a body or spinous process?

C1 - Atlas Signup and view all the answers

Which ribs attach via their costal cartilage to the sternum?

True Ribs 1-7 Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the skeleton is responsible for calcium metabolism?

Bones Signup and view all the answers

Where is cartilage located in the body?

At articulations (joints) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of joints in the skeletal system?

To allow movement of the skeleton Signup and view all the answers

How many long bones are there in the arm?

1 Signup and view all the answers

Which bones form the wrist in the hand?

Carpal bones Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the bone is responsible for the production of red and white blood cells?

Epiphysis Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the skull is responsible for dividing the floor of the cranial cavity into three fossae?

Sphenoid bone Signup and view all the answers

How many vertebrae are there in the adult vertebral column?

33 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the bones that attach via their costal cartilage above to the sternum?

False Ribs Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the long bone located between the hip and knee joint?

Femur Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the vertebral arch?

The functions of the vertebral arch are to protect the spinal cord and consist of the pedicle and lamina. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of intervertebral foraminae?

The intervertebral foraminae form between adjacent vertebrae and allow spinal nerves to emerge through them. Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of the C1 (Atlas) vertebra?

The C1 (Atlas) vertebra does not have a body or spinous process, but instead has a posterior arch and an anterior arch. Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of bones and cartilage in the skeletal system?

Bones provide support and protection for body organs, calcium metabolism, red blood cell formation, and attachment for skeletal muscles. Cartilage is less rigid than bone and is located where mobility is required at joints. Signup and view all the answers

What are the learning outcomes of the lecture on the anatomy of bones?

<ol> <li>Describe the development and structure of bone, including bony features and fracture healing 2. Describe the general anatomy of the skeleton, including axial and appendicular, comparison of limb bones 3. Identify and describe the bones, and their related bony features, as discussed in this lecture 4. Define “pectoral girdle”, pelvic girdle” “arm”, “forearm”, “thigh” & “leg” 5. State that the skeleton is made up of both bones and cartilage together 6. Use the knowledge from this lecture to guide your learning when using the Osteology Checklists</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is endochondral ossification and which bones undergo this process?

Endochondral ossification is the process in which an initial small, hyaline cartilage version grows and turns into bone. It occurs in long bones such as the humerus and femur. Signup and view all the answers

What are the different parts of a long bone, such as the humerus or femur?

Each end of a long bone has an epiphysis (including an epiphyseal growth plate) and metaphysis. The diaphysis is found between the two ends, which is the shaft of the bone. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of bone found in the structure of bone?

The two types of bone found in the structure of bone are compact (cortical) bone and spongy (trabecular/cancellous) bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the periosteum?

The periosteum is a fibrous connective tissue 'sleeve' that surrounds the bone. It is well innervated and vascularized, and it results in extreme pain during tearing of the periosteum, as occurs during fractures. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three fossae that divide the floor of the cranial cavity?

The three fossae that divide the floor of the cranial cavity are the anterior cranial fossa, middle cranial fossa, and posterior cranial fossa. Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the vertebral arch?

The functions of the vertebral arch are to protect the spinal cord and provide attachment points for ligaments and muscles. Signup and view all the answers

What is endochondral ossification and which bones undergo this process?

Endochondral ossification is the process of bone development in which an initial small, hyaline cartilage version grows and turns into bone. Long bones, such as the humerus and femur, undergo endochondral ossification. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the callus of new bone surrounding a fracture line during initial healing?

The callus of new bone that forms around a fracture line during initial healing helps stabilize the fracture and provides a framework for the subsequent remodeling and repair of the bone. Signup and view all the answers