Podcast
Questions and Answers
What percentage of body weight does bone account for in infants?
What percentage of body weight does bone account for in infants?
Bone is a static and unchanging tissue.
Bone is a static and unchanging tissue.
False (B)
What are the two main components of bone that make it a composite tissue?
What are the two main components of bone that make it a composite tissue?
The two main components are an inorganic mineral component (calcium phosphate) and an organic component (collagen fibers).
The process of blood cell formation within bone is called ______.
The process of blood cell formation within bone is called ______.
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Match the following functions of the skeleton with their corresponding descriptions:
Match the following functions of the skeleton with their corresponding descriptions:
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Which of these statements about the properties of bone is NOT TRUE?
Which of these statements about the properties of bone is NOT TRUE?
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Bone is a primary site for storing calcium and phosphate.
Bone is a primary site for storing calcium and phosphate.
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Explain why adolescence is a critical period for bone mass accrual.
Explain why adolescence is a critical period for bone mass accrual.
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Which bone type is responsible for forming the outer shell of bones?
Which bone type is responsible for forming the outer shell of bones?
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The appendicular skeleton consists of 80 bones.
The appendicular skeleton consists of 80 bones.
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What is the name of the process that involves replacing old and damaged bone with new bone?
What is the name of the process that involves replacing old and damaged bone with new bone?
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The ______ is a dense, solid type of bone tissue that forms the outer shell of bones.
The ______ is a dense, solid type of bone tissue that forms the outer shell of bones.
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Match the following bone types with their examples:
Match the following bone types with their examples:
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What are the two types of bone cells involved in bone remodeling?
What are the two types of bone cells involved in bone remodeling?
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Bone remodeling is a slow process that takes at least 3-6 months to complete.
Bone remodeling is a slow process that takes at least 3-6 months to complete.
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What is the condition that involves low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, making bones susceptible to fractures?
What is the condition that involves low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, making bones susceptible to fractures?
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The ______ is a technique commonly used to assess areal bone mineral density (aBMD).
The ______ is a technique commonly used to assess areal bone mineral density (aBMD).
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Which of the following is considered a symptom of osteoporosis?
Which of the following is considered a symptom of osteoporosis?
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Bone loss only occurs after growth is complete.
Bone loss only occurs after growth is complete.
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What is the primary factor that contributes to the most beneficial effects of exercise on bone during growth?
What is the primary factor that contributes to the most beneficial effects of exercise on bone during growth?
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Studies have shown that about ______% of bone mineral can be lost per week during bed rest.
Studies have shown that about ______% of bone mineral can be lost per week during bed rest.
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Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between physical activity and bone health?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between physical activity and bone health?
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Genetics and nutrition play a role in bone health but do not influence the impact of mechanical loading on bone.
Genetics and nutrition play a role in bone health but do not influence the impact of mechanical loading on bone.
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Study Notes
Bone Tissue Growth and Development
- Bone is a dynamic, metabolically active tissue, crucial for stature (approximately 98% of it) and comprising ~15% of infant weight, ~17% in adults, and ~14% in older adults.
- Bone is a composite material, a mixture of strong but brittle components (like glass) and flexible but less strong polymers (like plastic). This composite structure gives bone both strength and flexibility.
- Its tensile strength equals cast iron, yet bone is significantly lighter and more flexible.
Functions of the Skeletal System
- Protection: Bones shield vital organs.
- Support: The skeleton provides a framework that supports soft tissues and organs.
- Locomotion: Bones act as attachment points for muscles, enabling limb movement.
- Blood Cell Production: Bone marrow within long and flat bones produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
- Mineral Reservoir: Bones store 99% of the body's calcium and 85% of the phosphorus.
- Mineral Trap: Bones trap harmful minerals like lead.
Bone Classification
- Long Bones: Femur, tibia, radius
- Short Bones: Bones in the hands and feet (specifically 27 bones located within the hand and wrist)
- Irregular Bones: Vertebrae
- Flat Bones: Skull, clavicle, mandible, scapula
Bone Tissue Types
- Cortical (Compact) Bone: Dense, solid bone forming the outer shell (periosteum).
- Trabecular (Cancellous) Bone: Spongy, lattice-like inner scaffolding (endosteum).
Bone Modeling and Remodeling
- Modeling: The primary process during growth, adding bone without resorption, altering bone shape and mass in response to loads.
- Remodeling: The primary process during adulthood, replacing fatigued or damaged bone with new bone tissue;a continuous process of bone resorption and formation. This process involves osteoclasts breaking down old bone, and osteoblasts building new bone, usually taking 3-6 months
- Modelling and remodeling allow the skeleton to adapt to changes in mechanical stressors. Microfractures from everyday activity are routinely repaired.
Bone Loss Over Time
- Bone is constantly undergoing formation and resorption.
- After growth ceases, the body's net bone loss begins to exceed the gain.
Bone Health and Prevention
- Peak Bone Mass: Building peak bone mass during youth is crucial. Approximately 22% of adult bone mass is accrued during approximately one year, or at least within one year, from the perimenstrual phase of their development.
- Physical Activity: Regular weight-bearing exercise, especially during growth, is highly beneficial in maximizing bone density and structure. A lack of loading/inactivity is detrimental to the skeleton. Exercise's effects are better when commenced before or around puberty.
Osteoporosis
- Definition: A metabolic bone disorder with low bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration, leaving bones fragile.
- Symptoms: Asymptomatic; fractures often trigger diagnosis (hips, wrists, vertebrae).
- Prevention: Maximizing peak bone mass during growth, delaying bone loss, and reducing the rate of loss. This can be achieved with a good diet and regular weight-bearing exercise.
Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA)
- Are bone mineral density (BMD): used as a predictor of fracture risk, especially hip fractures. A 10% decline in aBMD more than doubles your fracture risk.
Impact of Bed Rest on Bone
- Prolonged bed rest can significantly decrease bone mineral density, often at a rate of approximately 1% per week in weight-bearing areas.
Athletes vs. Non-Athletes
- Athletes demonstrate higher bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip and spine compared to non-athletes. This effect is particularly impactful when exercise begins during childhood.
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Description
This quiz covers the growth and development of bone tissue, highlighting its crucial role in stature and body weight across different life stages. It also explores the various functions of the skeletal system, including protection, support, locomotion, and mineral storage.
