6 Questions
What is the primary function of osteoclasts?
To break down and remove bone tissue
What is the main component of the organic part of bone matrix?
Type I collagen
What percentage of the adult skeleton is composed of compact bone?
80%
What is the term for the small cavities within bone matrix where osteocytes are embedded?
Lacunae
What is the primary function of osteoblasts?
To produce bone matrix
What type of bone tissue is found in the ends of long bones and interior of short bones?
Cancellous bone
Study Notes
Bone Tissue
Composition
- Bone tissue consists of:
- Osteocytes (mature bone cells)
- Osteoblasts (bone-forming cells)
- Osteoclasts (bone-resorbing cells)
- Bone matrix (organic and inorganic components)
Bone Matrix
Organic Component
- Consists of:
- Type I collagen (90% of bone protein)
- Non-collagenous proteins (e.g., osteocalcin, osteonectin)
Inorganic Component
- Consists of:
- Hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate-based mineral)
- Calcium and phosphate ions
Bone Types
Compact Bone
- Dense, compact tissue
- Comprises 80% of adult skeleton
- Composed of osteons (Haversian systems)
Cancellous Bone
- Spongy, porous tissue
- Comprises 20% of adult skeleton
- Found in ends of long bones, interior of short bones
Bone Cells
Osteocytes
- Mature bone cells
- Embedded in lacunae (small cavities) within bone matrix
- Responsible for bone maintenance and repair
Osteoblasts
- Bone-forming cells
- Produce bone matrix
- Active in bone growth, development, and repair
Osteoclasts
- Bone-resorbing cells
- Break down and remove bone tissue
- Active in bone remodeling and resorption
Bone Tissue Composition
- Composed of osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and bone matrix
- Bone matrix is made up of organic and inorganic components
Bone Matrix Organic Component
- Mainly composed of type I collagen (90% of bone protein)
- Also consists of non-collagenous proteins like osteocalcin and osteonectin
Bone Matrix Inorganic Component
- Mainly composed of hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate-based mineral)
- Also contains calcium and phosphate ions
Bone Types
- Compact bone is dense, compact tissue, making up 80% of the adult skeleton
- Composed of osteons (Haversian systems)
- Found in the shafts of long bones
Cancellous Bone
- Spongy, porous tissue, making up 20% of the adult skeleton
- Found in the ends of long bones and the interior of short bones
Osteocytes
- Mature bone cells embedded in lacunae within bone matrix
- Responsible for maintaining and repairing bone tissue
Osteoblasts
- Bone-forming cells that produce bone matrix
- Active in bone growth, development, and repair
Osteoclasts
- Bone-resorbing cells that break down and remove bone tissue
- Active in bone remodeling and resorption
Understand the composition of bone tissue, including osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and the organic and inorganic components of bone matrix.
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