Bone Structure: Compact and Cancellous Bone
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Questions and Answers

Osteonlarda markaziy kanal o'rniga tomirlar va asablar joylashgan.

True

Suyak to'qimalari faqat suyaklar ichida joylashgan.

False

Qon hujayralari suyaklar ichida ishlab chiqariladi.

True

Osteoblastlar suyakni buzish uchun javobgardir.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Suyaklar faqat yordam beradi.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Suyaklar rivojlanishi faqat ossifikatsiya orqali amalga oshiriladi.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Suyak to'qimalarining 35 foizi qanday tarkibiy qismlardan iborat?

<p>Kollagen tolalari va proteoglikanlar</p> Signup and view all the answers

Suyaklarning tashqi qatlami qanday nomlanadi?

<p>Periosteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Osteoblastlar qanday suyuqlik ishlab chiqaradilar?

<p>Osteoid (un mineralized bone matrix)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Suyak turlaridan biri qanday nomlanadi?

<p>Tekis suyaklar</p> Signup and view all the answers

Suyak rivojlanishi qanday jarayonda amalga oshiriladi?

<p>Endochondral ossification</p> Signup and view all the answers

Osteotsitlar qanday vazifani bajaradilar?

<p>Suyak to'qimalarini saqlash</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bone Structure

  • Compact Bone: Dense, compact tissue that forms the outer layer of bones
    • Composed of cylindrical units called osteons
    • Osteons contain:
      • Central canal (Haversian canal): contains blood vessels and nerves
      • Concentric layers of bone matrix (lamellae)
      • Lacunae: small cavities containing bone cells (osteocytes)
  • Cancellous Bone: Spongy, porous tissue that forms the inner layer of bones
    • Composed of trabeculae: thin, branching strands of bone tissue
    • Contains red bone marrow: produces blood cells

Bone Functions

  • Support: Provides framework for the body
  • Protection: Protects internal organs, such as the brain, heart, and lungs
  • Movement: Acts as a system of levers, allowing for movement and locomotion
  • Blood Cell Production: Produces blood cells in the bone marrow
  • Storage of Minerals: Stores minerals such as calcium and phosphorus

Bone Development and Maintenance

  • Ossification: Process of bone formation
    • Two types: intramembranous (direct) and endochondral (indirect)
  • Bone Remodeling: Continuous process of bone resorption and formation
    • Involves osteoclasts (break down bone) and osteoblasts (build bone)
  • Bone Growth: Bones grow through the process of appositional growth

Suv O'zgarishi

  • Kompakt Suv: Suvning tashqi qatlami tashkil etuvchi zich, zich to'qima
    • Osteonlar deb ataluvchi silindrsimon birliklardan iborat
    • Osteonlarda:
      • Markaziy kanal (Haversian kanali): qon tomirlari va nervlarni o'z ichiga oladi
      • Bone matrixning (lamellae) konsentrik qatlamlari
      • Lakunalar: suyak hujayralari (osteotsitlar) joylashgan kichik kavernalar
  • Kancelluz Suv: Suvning ichki qatlami tashkil etuvchi xarobali,Porli to'qima
    • Trabekulalar deb ataluvchi yupqa, shoxlanib ketayotgan suyak to'qimalaridan iborat
    • Qizil suyak mazasi mavjud: qon hujayralarini ishlab chiqaradi

Suv Funktsiyalari

  • Qo'llab-quvvat: Badanni tashkil etuvchi ramka
  • Himoya: Ichki a'zolarni, masalan, miya, yurak, o'pkanlarni himoya qiladi
  • Harakat: Suv tizimini tashkil etuvchi, harakat va yurishga imkon beradi
  • Qon Hujayralari Ishlab Chiqarish: Qon hujayralarini ishlab chiqaradi
  • Minerallar Ombori: Kaltsiy, fosfor va boshqa minerallarni saqlaydi

Suv Rivojlanishi va Saqlanishi

  • Ossifikatsiya: Suv hosil bo'lish jarayoni
    • Ikki xil: intramembran (to'g'ridan-to'g'ri) va endokondral (bilvosita)
  • Suv Qayta Qurilishi: Suvni buzish va qurish jarayoni
    • Osteoklastlar (suvni buzadi) va osteoblastlar (suvni quradi) ishtirok etadi
  • Suv O'sishi: Suv appozitsional o'sish jarayoni orqali o'sadi

Suyak Tuzilishi

Suyak To'qimalari Komponentlari

  • Organik matritsa: suyak to'qimasining 35% ni tashkil etadi, kollagen tolalari (I turi) va proteoglikanlaridan iborat
  • Anorganik matritsa: suyak to'qimasining 65% ni tashkil etadi, gidroksiapotit (kalsiy fosfat) kristallaridan iborat

Suyak Hujayralari

  • Osteoblastlar: suyak shakllanishiga javobgar, osteoid (mineralizlanmagan suyak matritsasi) ishlab chiqarishadi
  • Osteoklastlar: suyakning yemirishiga javobgar, suyak to'qimasini yemirishadi
  • Osteotsitlar: yetuk suyak hujayralari, suyak matritsasida joylashgan, suyak to'qimasini saqlab turishadi

Suyak Tuzilishi

  • Kompakt suyak: zich, kompaktsiz suyak to'qimasi, suyakning tashqi qatlamini tashkil etadi
  • Kancelluz suyak: porli, spongiyali suyak to'qimasi, suyakning ichki qatlamini tashkil etadi
  • Periosteum: suyakning tashqi qatlamini, suyakni atrof-muhit bilan bog'laydi
  • Endosteum: suyakning ichki qatlamini, suyak moyini qoplashini tashkil etadi

Suyak Turlari

  • Uzun suyaklar: diafiz (sklet), metafiz (o'sish qatlami) va epifiz (uch) bilan tavsiflanadi
  • Qisqa suyaklar: kub shaklidagi suyaklar, qo'llab-quvvatlash va barqarorlikni ta'minlaydi
  • Yassi suyaklar: yupiq, yassi suyaklar, ko'pincha egri yoki plastinka shaklida
  • Notekis suyaklar: murakkab, notekis shakllari, ko'pincha ko'p xususiyatlarga ega

Suyak Rivojlani

  • Intramembranoz ossifikatsiya: suyakning shakllanishi, mesenchimal hujayralardan tashkil topadi, flat suyaklarni shakllantiradi
  • Endokondral ossifikatsiya: suyakning shakllanishi, kartaobrazdan tashkil topadi, uzun suyaklarni shakllantiradi

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O'z skeletidagi kompaktdan va spongy-to'qima qatlamlari tuzilishining asosiy tushunchalari

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