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Questions and Answers
During endochondral ossification, what specific tissue is replaced by bone?
During endochondral ossification, what specific tissue is replaced by bone?
- Hyaline cartilage (correct)
- Fibrocartilage
- Elastic cartilage
- Connective tissue membranes
Which of the following best describes the role of canaliculi in bone tissue?
Which of the following best describes the role of canaliculi in bone tissue?
- They provide a pathway for blood vessels to enter the bone.
- They form the central canal of an osteon.
- They house osteocytes within the bone matrix.
- They facilitate communication and nutrient exchange between osteocytes. (correct)
What is the primary reason longitudinal bone growth ceases after puberty?
What is the primary reason longitudinal bone growth ceases after puberty?
- The epiphyseal plate ossifies and becomes the epiphyseal line. (correct)
- The yellow bone marrow expands and inhibits growth.
- The bone has reached its genetically determined length.
- Increased levels of calcium inhibit chondrocyte activity.
A patient is diagnosed with osteopenia. This condition is most directly related to a deficiency in which component of bone?
A patient is diagnosed with osteopenia. This condition is most directly related to a deficiency in which component of bone?
Which of the following sequences accurately describes the typical order of events in bone fracture repair?
Which of the following sequences accurately describes the typical order of events in bone fracture repair?
Which of the following correctly identifies the membrane covering the outer surface of long bones and the membrane lining the medullary cavity?
Which of the following correctly identifies the membrane covering the outer surface of long bones and the membrane lining the medullary cavity?
Which of the following best describes a foramen?
Which of the following best describes a foramen?
During long bone formation, what crucial event occurs at the epiphyseal plate that contributes to bone lengthening?
During long bone formation, what crucial event occurs at the epiphyseal plate that contributes to bone lengthening?
How do the diaphysis and epiphysis relate to a long bone's structure?
How do the diaphysis and epiphysis relate to a long bone's structure?
What best describes how bones respond to long-term mechanical stress, according to Wolff's Law?
What best describes how bones respond to long-term mechanical stress, according to Wolff's Law?
Which of the following best represents the order of events in the repair of a fractured bone?
Which of the following best represents the order of events in the repair of a fractured bone?
How do hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage differ in function and location?
How do hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage differ in function and location?
What is the correct sequence of events in bone fracture repair?
What is the correct sequence of events in bone fracture repair?
How does parathyroid hormone (PTH) influence bone remodeling in response to decreased blood calcium levels?
How does parathyroid hormone (PTH) influence bone remodeling in response to decreased blood calcium levels?
What key characteristics differentiate osteoporosis from osteomalacia?
What key characteristics differentiate osteoporosis from osteomalacia?
What is the primary distinction between osteomalacia and rickets in terms of who is affected?
What is the primary distinction between osteomalacia and rickets in terms of who is affected?
Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the skeletal system?
Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the skeletal system?
Which of the following best describes the anatomical structure referred to as a 'tubercle' in bone anatomy?
Which of the following best describes the anatomical structure referred to as a 'tubercle' in bone anatomy?
Which cellular component is directly responsible for the formation of bone matrix?
Which cellular component is directly responsible for the formation of bone matrix?
Which structural feature is characteristic of compact bone but not of spongy bone?
Which structural feature is characteristic of compact bone but not of spongy bone?
During endochondral ossification, what roles do the primary and secondary ossification centers play in long bone development?
During endochondral ossification, what roles do the primary and secondary ossification centers play in long bone development?
A bone is classified as a long bone if its length is:
A bone is classified as a long bone if its length is:
Which tissue type is NOT a primary component of bone organs?
Which tissue type is NOT a primary component of bone organs?
Where does hematopoiesis primarily occur in adults?
Where does hematopoiesis primarily occur in adults?
What is the primary structural difference between compact and spongy bone?
What is the primary structural difference between compact and spongy bone?
Which of the following best describes the function of the epiphyseal plate?
Which of the following best describes the function of the epiphyseal plate?
The periosteum is secured to the underlying bone via:
The periosteum is secured to the underlying bone via:
Which of the following is true regarding bone markings?
Which of the following is true regarding bone markings?
How do osteoblasts and osteoclasts work together to maintain bone homeostasis?
How do osteoblasts and osteoclasts work together to maintain bone homeostasis?
Flashcards
Bone Shape Categories
Bone Shape Categories
Bones classified by their shape, such as long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid.
Functions of Bones
Functions of Bones
Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell formation, triglyceride storage, and hormone production.
Compact Bone
Compact Bone
Dense outer layer of bone.
Spongy Bone
Spongy Bone
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Diaphysis
Diaphysis
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Epiphysis
Epiphysis
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Cartilage
Cartilage
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Osteocytes
Osteocytes
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Periosteum
Periosteum
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Endosteum
Endosteum
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Trochanter
Trochanter
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Foramen
Foramen
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Facet
Facet
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Head
Head
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How do bones thicken?
How do bones thicken?
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How do Bones Lengthen?
How do Bones Lengthen?
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Epiphyseal Plate to Line
Epiphyseal Plate to Line
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Bone Response to Stress
Bone Response to Stress
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Wolff's Law
Wolff's Law
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Fossa
Fossa
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Hematopoiesis
Hematopoiesis
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Bone Cells
Bone Cells
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Bone Composition
Bone Composition
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Osteogenesis
Osteogenesis
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Intramembranous Ossification
Intramembranous Ossification
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Endochondral Ossification
Endochondral Ossification
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Yellow Bone Marrow
Yellow Bone Marrow
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Study Notes
- A shallow, basinlike depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface, is a fossa.
- Hematopoiesis is the formation of blood cells within the red marrow cavities of certain bones like spongy bone.
- In newborn infants, nearly all flat and long bones contain red bone marrow.
- Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells.
- Osteocytes are mature bone cells.
- Osteoclasts are bone-destroying cells.
- Osteoprogenitor (osteogenic) cells are bone stem cells.
- The basic functional unit of compact bone is the osteon with rings of bone matrix called lamellae.
- The epiphyseal plate is composed of hyaline cartilage and functions as the longitudinal growth region of the long bone.
- A spine is a sharp, slender, often pointed projection.
- Lacunae are cavities in bone where bone cells live.
- Canaliculi are narrow passageways that contain cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes for passage of nutrients and wastes.
- The fibrous connective tissue membrane that covers the outer surface of long bone is called the periosteum, and the endosteum is the connective tissue membrane that lines the medullary cavity, a hollow space in the shaft of a long bone.
- A trochanter is a very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process.
- A foramen is a round or oval opening through a bone.
- The diaphysis is the shaft of a long bone.
- The epiphysis is the expanded portion of the long bone at its ends.
- Hyaline cartilage is the most abundant skeletal cartilage.
- Fibrocartilage is able to withstand large amounts of compression.
- Elastic cartilage is located in the external ear and epiglottis.
- The first stage of bone repair is hematoma formation.
- Hematoma formation is caused by tearing of blood vessels in and around the fracture site.
- Fibrocartilage callus follows the hematoma formation.
- Fibrocartilage callus is caused by the activity of fibroblasts and osteoblasts to create an overgrown splint around the fracture site.
- Bony callus formation occurs after fibrocartilage callus.
- During bony callus formation, trabeculae invade the callus and begin to replace fibrous tissue.
- Bone remodeling is the final step in bone repair.
- Bone remodeling removes excess bony material from the external and internal surfaces of the diaphysis.
- Osteopenia is a condition that occurs with aging that causes a gradual reduction in bone mass.
- Osteoporosis is a painful condition that occurs when the bones become weak and thin and tend to fracture easily.
- A head is a bony expansion carried on a narrow neck.
- In endochondral ossification, the diaphysis is the primary ossification center.
- In endochondral ossification, the epiphysis is the secondary ossification center, and the epiphyseal plate is the site of length increase in long bones.
- A facet is a smooth, nearly flat articular surface.
- Calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite) are the major inorganic minerals contained in the intercellular matrix of bone.
- Collagen is the major organic fiber of bone.
- Osteogenesis, intramembranous ossification, and endochondral ossification are the processes of bone formation.
- Osteogenesis is accomplished by either replacement of connective tissue membranes with bony tissue.
- Intramembranous ossification is the replacement of connective tissue membranes with bony tissue.
- Endochondral ossification is the replacement of hyaline cartilage with bony tissue.
- Yellow bone marrow is found in the hollow interior of the diaphyseal portion of adult long bones, and the large marrow cavities keep the weight of the bones light.
- Longitudinal bone growth ends after puberty because the epiphyseal plate of cartilage is ossified into the epiphyseal line.
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Description
Understanding bone tissue involves knowing its varied structures and cell types. Bones have shallow depressions called fossae. Red marrow is where blood cells form. Bones are made of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts.
