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Questions and Answers
Which mineral is primarily responsible for the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals in bone?
Which mineral is primarily responsible for the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals in bone?
Which type of bone forms the shafts of long bones?
Which type of bone forms the shafts of long bones?
Which cells are responsible for resorbing bone mineral and matrix?
Which cells are responsible for resorbing bone mineral and matrix?
Which mineral is a reservoir or store in bones, especially for calcium ions?
Which mineral is a reservoir or store in bones, especially for calcium ions?
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Which vitamin is closely related to calcium with respect to bone health?
Which vitamin is closely related to calcium with respect to bone health?
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Which type of bone fills the ends of the shafts of long bones and forms most of the structure of vertebrae?
Which type of bone fills the ends of the shafts of long bones and forms most of the structure of vertebrae?
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Which mineral is deposited primarily within the organic phase of cross-linked collagen fibers in bone?
Which mineral is deposited primarily within the organic phase of cross-linked collagen fibers in bone?
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Which vitamin is known for its role in maintaining bone health and its action in the body's immune system?
Which vitamin is known for its role in maintaining bone health and its action in the body's immune system?
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Which of the following is a function of Vitamin C as a coenzyme?
Which of the following is a function of Vitamin C as a coenzyme?
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What is a consequence of Vitamin C deficiency?
What is a consequence of Vitamin C deficiency?
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Where is Vitamin C found in the body?
Where is Vitamin C found in the body?
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What is the role of Vitamin C as an antioxidant?
What is the role of Vitamin C as an antioxidant?
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What is a consequence of Vitamin C deficiency related to iron?
What is a consequence of Vitamin C deficiency related to iron?
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What is a consequence of Vitamin C deficiency related to wound healing?
What is a consequence of Vitamin C deficiency related to wound healing?
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What is a consequence of Vitamin C deficiency related to connective tissue?
What is a consequence of Vitamin C deficiency related to connective tissue?
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What is the consequence of reactive oxygen molecules in the body?
What is the consequence of reactive oxygen molecules in the body?
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What is the role of Vitamin E in the body?
What is the role of Vitamin E in the body?
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What is the primary function of vitamin C mentioned in the text?
What is the primary function of vitamin C mentioned in the text?
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What is the main cause of increased bone loss during menopause?
What is the main cause of increased bone loss during menopause?
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How is calcium absorption in the digestive tract primarily facilitated?
How is calcium absorption in the digestive tract primarily facilitated?
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Which hormone stimulates bone calcium release and reduces renal calcium excretion?
Which hormone stimulates bone calcium release and reduces renal calcium excretion?
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What is the primary consequence of calcium deficiency according to the text?
What is the primary consequence of calcium deficiency according to the text?
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At what age does peak bone mass typically occur according to the text?
At what age does peak bone mass typically occur according to the text?
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What is the primary role of calcitonin in bone metabolism?
What is the primary role of calcitonin in bone metabolism?
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What is the primary consequence of osteoporosis according to the text?
What is the primary consequence of osteoporosis according to the text?
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Study Notes
Calcium, Vitamin C, and Bone Health
- Bone is a living tissue constantly being remodeled, with osteoblast activity exceeding osteoclast activity during bone formation.
- Peak bone mass occurs between ages 16 and 30, and bone breakdown exceeds formation from age 35-45.
- Estrogen decreases bone resorption and enhances osteoblast activity, but its levels drop during menopause, leading to increased bone loss.
- 99% of calcium is found in bones and teeth, while the remaining 1% is distributed in fluids.
- Calcium absorption in the digestive tract involves passive diffusion and active transport, requiring active vitamin D.
- Parathyroid hormone stimulates bone calcium release and reduces renal calcium excretion, while calcitonin inhibits bone calcium release.
- Calcium regulates enzyme activity, blood clotting, nerve and muscle function, cell cycle, and hormone release.
- Calcium deficiency can lead to low bone mass and increased bone loss, resulting in conditions like rickets and osteomalacia.
- Elevated blood calcium levels can cause symptoms such as loss of appetite, nausea, and confusion, often due to elevated PTH secretion or excessive calcium supplementation.
- Osteoporosis results from a loss of bone protein matrix and mineral deposits, measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) to assess bone mineral density.
- Prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass varies among racial and ethnic groups, with differences in risk factors and prevalence.
- Vitamin C, found in fruits and vegetables, functions as an antioxidant, supports the immune system, aids collagen production, and is important for iron absorption.
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Description
Test your knowledge of calcium, vitamin C, and their impact on bone health with this quiz. Explore the role of these nutrients in bone formation, absorption, and maintenance, as well as their effects on bone-related conditions like osteoporosis and deficiency-related diseases.
